As filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on February 11, 2010

Registration No. 333-163741

U.S. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

 

Pre-Effective Amendment No. 4
to
FORM S-1

REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

 

NeoStem, Inc.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Delaware		8090		22-2343568
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)		(Primary Standard Industrial Classification Code Number)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

420 Lexington Avenue, Suite 450
New York, New York 10170
(212) 584-4180

(Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number,
Including Area Code, of Registrant’s Principal Executive Offices)

 

Catherine M. Vaczy, Esq.
Vice President and General Counsel
NeoStem, Inc.
420 Lexington Avenue, Suite 450
New York, NY 10170
(212) 584-4180

(Name, Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number,
Including Area Code, of Agent for Service)

 

Copies to:

Gregory Sichenzia, Esq. Andrew Smith, Esq. Sichenzia Ross Friedman Ference LLP 61 Broadway New York, New York 10006 Tel: (212) 930-9700 Fax: (212) 930-9725		Steven D. Pidgeon, Esq. DLA Piper LLP (US) 2525 East Camelback Road, Suite 1000 Phoenix, AZ 85016 Tel: (480) 606-5100 Fax: (480) 606-5524

 

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after the effective date of this registration statement.

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box. o

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. o

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. o

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large Accelerated Filer o		Accelerated Filer o
Non-Accelerated Filer o		Smaller Reporting Company x

CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE

Title of Each Class of Securities to Be Registered		Amount to Be Registered(1)				Proposed Maximum Offering Price Per Share(1)				Proposed Maximum Aggregate Offering Price(1)				Amount of Registration Fee(2)
Common Stock, $0.001 par value			5,000,000 Shares			$	1.64 per Share			$	8,200,000			$	584.66
Common Stock, $0.001 par value, issuable upon exercise of Underwriters’ over-allotment			750,000 Shares			$	1.64 per Share			$	1,230,000			$	87.70

 

THE REGISTRANT HEREBY AMENDS THIS REGISTRATION STATEMENT ON SUCH DATE OR DATES AS MAY BE NECESSARY TO DELAY ITS EFFECTIVE DATE UNTIL THE REGISTRANT SHALL FILE A FURTHER AMENDMENT WHICH SPECIFICALLY STATES THAT THIS REGISTRATION STATEMENT SHALL THEREAFTER BECOME EFFECTIVE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION 8(a) OF THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, OR UNTIL THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT SHALL BECOME EFFECTIVE ON SUCH DATE AS THE COMMISSION, ACTING PURSUANT TO SAID SECTION 8(a), MAY DETERMINE.

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The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. These securities may not be sold until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities, and it is not soliciting offers to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.

SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED FEBRUARY 11, 2010

PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS

5,000,000 Shares of Common Stock

NeoStem, Inc.

This prospectus relates to a public offering by us of 5,000,000 shares of our common stock, par value $.001 per share.

Our common stock is currently quoted on NYSE Amex under the symbol NBS. On February 10, 2010, our common stock closed at $1.64 per share.

These are speculative securities and involve a high degree of risk and substantial dilution.
You should not invest in our securities unless you can afford to lose your entire investment.
Please see “Risk Factors” beginning on page 4 of this prospectus.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or
disapproved of these securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus. Any
representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

Price to Public

Underwriting Discounts and Commissions

Proceeds, Before Expenses, to NeoStem

Per Share

$

$

$

Total

$

$

$

We have granted the underwriters an option to purchase up to an additional 750,000 shares of common stock at the public offering price, less the underwriting discount and commissions, to cover over-allotments. The underwriters may exercise this option at any time and from time to time within 30 days after the date of this prospectus. We expect that the shares of common stock will be ready for delivery in New York, New York on or about February    , 2010.

Certain of our affiliates have committed to participate in this offering.

Roth Capital Partners		Maxim Group LLC		Gilford Securities

The date of this prospectus is February    , 2010

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You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus. Neither the underwriters nor we have authorized any other person to provide you with different information. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. Neither the underwriters nor we are making an offer to sell these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus is accurate as of the date on the front cover of this prospectus only. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since that date.

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		Page
Prospectus Summary			1
Risk Factors			4
Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements			28
Use of Proceeds			29
Dividend Policy			30
Capitalization			31
Price Range of Common Stock			33
Dilution			34
Exchange Rate Information			35
Selected Financial Data			36
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations			38
Business			57
Management			73
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management			101
Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions			104
Securities			107
Certain Income Tax Benefits			109
Underwriting			110
Experts			112
Legal Matters			112
Disclosure of Commission Position On Indemnification for Securities Act Liabilities			113
Where You Can Find More Information			114
Index to Consolidated Financial Statements			F-1

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PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

This summary highlights information contained elsewhere in this prospectus. You should read the entire prospectus carefully. All references to “we,” “us,” the “Company” and “NeoStem” mean NeoStem, Inc., including subsidiaries and predecessors, except where it is clear that the term refers only to NeoStem, Inc. Unless otherwise indicated, all information contained in this prospectus assumes that the underwriters will not exercise their over-allotment options, and that no outstanding stock options or warrants will be exercised. This prospectus contains forward-looking statements, which involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including those set forth under “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and under “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this prospectus.

Our Company

In 2009, through our expansion efforts within China and with the acquisition of a controlling interest in Suzhou Erye Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., or Erye, we transitioned into a multi-dimensional international biopharmaceutical company with product and service revenues, global research and development capabilities and operations in three distinct business units: (i) U.S. adult stem cells, (ii) China adult stem cells, and (iii) China pharmaceuticals, primarily including antibiotics. These business units are expected to provide platforms for the accelerated development and commercialization of innovative technologies and products in both the U.S. and China.

In the U.S. we are a leading provider of adult stem cell collection, processing and storage services enabling healthy individuals to donate and store their stem cells for personal therapeutic use. Similar to the banking of cord blood, pre-donating cells at a younger age helps to ensure a supply of one’s own stem cells should they be needed for future medical treatment. Our current network of U.S. adult stem cell collection centers is primarily focused on the Southern California and Northeast markets. Our goal is to expand our coverage to ten centers by the end of 2010. In addition to our services, we are conducting research and development activities on our own and through collaborations in pursuit of diagnostic and therapeutic applications using adult stem cells, including applications using our VSEL^TM technology licensed by us from the University of Louisville, which utilizes very small embryonic-like stem cells.

In 2009, we began several China-based, adult stem cell initiatives including: (i) creating a separate China-based stem cell business unit, (ii) constructing a stem cell research and development laboratory and processing facility in Beijing, (iii) establishing relationships with hospitals to provide stem cell-based therapies, and (iv) obtaining product licenses covering several adult stem cell therapeutics focused on regenerative medicine. In 2010, we expect to begin offering stem cell banking services and certain stem cell therapies to patients in China, as well as to foreigners traveling to China seeking medical treatments that are either unavailable or cost prohibitive in their home countries.

The cornerstone of our China pharmaceuticals business is the 51% ownership interest we acquired in Erye in October 2009. Erye was founded more than 50 years ago and represents an established, vertically-integrated pharmaceutical business. Historically, Erye has concentrated its efforts on the manufacturing and distribution of generic antibiotic products and has received more than 160 production certificates from the State Food and Drug Administration of China, or SFDA, covering both antibiotic prescription drugs and active pharmaceutical intermediates. Erye’s revenue for 2009 was in excess of $60 million on an unaudited basis.

The Adult Stem Cell Market

Stem cells are very primitive and undifferentiated cells that have the unique ability to transform into many different cells, such as white blood cells, nerve cells or heart muscle cells. We only work with adult (and not embryonic) stem cells. Adult stem cells are found in the bone marrow, in peripheral blood and in umbilical cord blood. For over 40 years physicians have been using adult stem cells to treat various blood cancers, but only recently has the promise of using adult stem cells to treat a myriad of other diseases begun to be realized.

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The China Pharmaceuticals Market

The antibiotics market in China was approximately $8.8 billion in 2007, with an annual average growth rate of approximately 24 percent for the previous three years. The overall pharmaceuticals market in China is forecasted to triple in size by 2013, to become the third largest drug market in the world (behind the U.S. and Japan). In 2009, the Chinese government announced that improving healthcare for its citizens would be a major priority and China’s State Council approved the spending of $124 billion on its healthcare system between 2009 and 2011. This spending initiative, coupled with a population approaching 1.4 billion, creates a large market opportunity for our products and services. An important element of the initiative has been the creation of the New Rural and Urban Cooperative Medical Insurance System that provides prescription drug cost coverage for citizens. Over sixty percent of Erye’s drug portfolio qualifies for reimbursement coverage under the new insurance system.

Our Strategy

We are developing our therapeutics business in the adult stem cell field to capitalize on the increasing role adult stem cells are playing in regenerative medicine, with an initial focus on cardiac, orthopedic, wound, cosmetic and dermatologic indications. We are building our portfolio of stem cell therapeutics through a combination of product licenses and research and development. China’s regulatory environment and culture are more accepting of new stem cell-based therapies than those in many other countries and our expansion into China reflects our belief that this market affords a unique opportunity to grow our revenues on an accelerated basis. Over the past year alone, we obtained three licenses to products and delivery technologies using adult stem cells that we believe offer near-term revenue potential in China and long-term potential in the U.S. once we have met the necessary development and regulatory requirements.

Erye is in the process of relocating its operations to a new production facility, with the goal of becoming among the largest antibiotics producers in Eastern China. This dominant market position would allow us to take advantage of the expected growth and spending in this segment of the market. Our U.S. based management team intends to work closely with the management of Eyre to identify new pharmaceutical product candidates to further accelerate revenue growth.

We believe that our ownership in Erye, and the expansion of our stem cell business into China, will create commercial, financial and scientific opportunities to significantly grow our business.

Corporate Information

NeoStem, Inc. was incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware in September 1980 under the name Fidelity Medical Services, Inc., and commenced operations in our current line of business in January 2006. On October 30, 2009, we completed a merger with China Biopharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc., or CBH, the former owner of the 51% interest in Erye. Our principal executive offices are located at 420 Lexington Avenue, Suite 450, New York, New York 10170, and our telephone number is (212) 584-4180. We maintain a corporate website at www.neostem.com. The contents of our website are not part of this prospectus and should not be relied upon with respect to this offering.

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The Offering

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RISK FACTORS

The purchase of our shares of common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should consider carefully the following risk factors, in addition to the other information contained in this prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus, before purchasing any shares. The statements contained in or incorporated into this prospectus that are not historic facts are forward-looking statements that are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those set forth in or implied by forward-looking statements. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be harmed. In that case, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment.

Risks Related to Our Business and Financial Condition

We are a company with a limited operating history and have incurred substantial losses and negative cash flow from operations in the past, and we expect to continue to incur losses and negative cash flow for the near term.

We are a company with a limited operating history, limited capital, and limited sources of revenue. Since our inception in 1980, we have incurred net losses of $54,427,998 through September 30, 2009. We incurred net losses of $14,443,688 for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and $9,242,071 for the year ended December 31, 2008, and we expect to incur additional operating losses and negative cash flow in the future. The revenues from our adult stem cell collection, processing and storage business are not sufficient to cover costs attributable to that business. We expect to incur losses and negative cash flow for the foreseeable future as a result of our activities under license and sponsored research agreements relating to our VSEL^TM technology and other research and development efforts to advance stem cell and other therapeutics, both in the U.S. and China. We also expect to continue to incur significant expenses related to sales, marketing, general and administrative and product research and development in connection with the development of our business.

Although Suzhou Erye Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., or Erye, a Chinese pharmaceutical company in which we recently acquired a 51% interest, earned $8,140,000 in net income for the year ended December 31, 2008, it has only a limited history of earnings. Moreover, Erye is expected to incur significant expenses in the near term due to: (1) costs related to stabilizing and streamlining its operations; (2) costs related to the relocation of its production operations to a new facility currently under construction; (3) research and development costs related to new drug projects; and (4) costs related to expanding its existing sales network for new drug distribution. Pursuant to the current joint venture agreement that governs the ownership and management of Erye, or Joint Venture Agreement, which is subject to PRC government approval, for the next three years (i) 49% of undistributed profits, after tax, will be distributed to Suzhou Erye Economy and Trading co. Ltd., or EET, which owns the remaining 49% of Erye, and loaned back to Erye for use in connection with its construction of the new Erye facility; (ii) 45% of the net profit after tax will be provided to Erye as part of the new facility construction fund, which will be characterized as paid-in capital for our 51% interest in Erye; and (iii) only 6% of the net profit will be distributed to us directly for our operating expenses. As a result, we will not be able to supplement our cash flow fully from the operations and income expected to be generated by Erye.

In addition to the net proceeds of this offering, we will need substantial additional capital to continue operations and additional capital may not be available on acceptable terms, or at all.

In addition to the net proceeds of this offering, substantial additional capital will be required to fund our business plan, including additional research and development activities related to our adult stem cell technologies and drug development efforts, and to support marketing efforts in the U.S. and China. Our actual cash requirements may differ materially from those currently estimated.

At September 30, 2009, we had a cash balance of $5,848,801. The trading volume of our common stock, coupled with our history of operating losses and liquidity problems, may make it difficult for us to raise capital on acceptable terms or at all. The demand for the equity and debt of small cap biopharmaceutical companies like ours is dependent upon many factors, including the general state of the financial markets. As demonstrated over the last year, during times of extreme market volatility, capital may not be available on favorable terms, if at all. Our inability to obtain such additional capital on acceptable terms could materially and adversely affect our business operations and ability to continue as a going concern.

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If we are unable to manage the growth of our business, our prospects may be limited and the results of our operations and ability to continue as a going concern may be materially and adversely affected.

We intend to expand our sales and marketing programs, manufacturing capacity, and portfolios of pharmaceutical products and innovative stem cell-based therapies to meet future demand in the U.S. and China. Any significant expansion may strain our managerial, financial and other resources. If we are unable to manage our growth, our business, operating results and financial condition could be adversely affected. We will need to continually improve our operations, financial and other internal systems to manage our growth effectively, and any failure to do so may result in slower growth, diminished operating results and a failure to achieve profitability, which would materially and adversely affect our ability to continue as a going concern.

All acquisitions intended to grow our business may expose us to additional risks.

We will continue to review acquisition prospects that could complement our current business, increase the size and geographic scope of our operations or otherwise offer revenue generating or other growth opportunities. Any increase in debt in connection with an acquisition could result in increased interest expense. Additionally, acquisitions may dilute the interests of our stockholders, place additional constraints on our available cash and entail other risks, including: difficulties in assimilating acquired operations, technologies or products; the loss of key employees from acquired businesses; diversion of management’s attention from our core business; risks of successor liability for unknown claims; and risks of entering markets, including international markets, in which we have limited or no prior experience.

The University of Louisville has the ability to exercise significant influence over the future development of our VSEL^TM technology.

The terms of our exclusive license of the VSEL^TM technology from the University of Louisville provide for a collaborative approach on development decisions. For example, should we seek to collaborate with a third party on the VSEL^TM technology programs, prior approval of the University of Louisville would be required for any sublicensing agreement. There can be no assurance they would grant approval for decisions requiring their consent. In addition, we entered into a sponsored research agreement with the University of Louisville, pursuant to which they perform certain research activities for us. Accordingly, although we have recently begun our own independent research and development activities with respect to the VSEL^TM technology, we are highly dependent on the University’s cooperation and performance in developing the VSEL^TM technology. Further, the VSEL^TM technology license agreement requires the payment of certain license fees, royalties and milestone payments, payments for patent filings and applications and the use of due diligence in developing and commercializing the VSEL^TM technology. The sponsored research agreement requires periodic and milestone payments. Our failure to meet our financial or other obligations under the license or sponsored research agreement in a timely manner could result in the loss of some or all of our rights to proprietary technology, such as the loss of exclusive rights or even termination of the agreements, and/or we could lose our right to have the University of Louisville conduct research and development efforts on our behalf.

We have a very limited history of conducting our own research and development activities.

To support our own research and development capabilities for our VSEL^TM technology and other stem cell technologies, in September 2009 we signed a lease for approximately 8,000 square feet of office and laboratory space in Cambridge, Massachusetts that serves as our research and development headquarters. To pursue our business strategy, we must increase our internal research capabilities, which we are endeavoring to accomplish at this facility, and by establishing relationships with third parties. There can be no assurance that we will be successful in these efforts. Our additional research and development capacity also will require adequate sources of funding. There can be no assurance that any of these development efforts will produce a successful product or technology. Our failure to develop new products would have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

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Even if we are successful in developing a therapeutic application using our VSEL^TM technology or other potential stem cell technologies, we still may be unsuccessful in creating a commercially viable and profitable business.

The commercial viability of our VSEL^TM technology and other stem cell technologies may depend upon our ability to successfully expand the number of stem cells collected through adult stem cell collection processes in order to achieve a therapeutically-viable dose. Today, the number of very small embryonic-like stem cells that can be isolated from the peripheral blood of an adult donor is relatively small and this volume of cells may not be sufficient for therapeutic applications. A critical component of our adult stem cell collection, processing and storage service relating to the VSEL^TM technology and other potential stem cell technologies could therefore be the utilization of stem cell expansion processes. There are many biotechnology laboratories attempting to develop stem cell expansion technology, but to date stem cell expansion techniques remain very inefficient. There can be no assurance that such technology will be effective or available at all. The failure of cost effective and reliable expansion technologies to become available could severely limit the commercial opportunities of our VSEL^TM technology programs and other potential stem cell technologies and limit our business prospects, which could have a material adverse affect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

Moreover, stem cell collection techniques are rapidly developing and could undergo significant change in the future. Such rapid technological development could result in our technologies becoming obsolete. Successful biotechnology development in general is highly uncertain and is dependent on numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control. While our VSEL^TM technology and other stem cell technologies appear promising, such technologies may fail to be successfully commercialized for numerous reasons, including, but not limited to, competing technologies for the same indication. There can be no assurance that we will be able to develop a commercially successful therapeutic application for this technology or other potential stem cell technologies.

Our research and development activities using adult stem cells in therapeutic indications present additional risks.

Our research and development activities relating to our VSEL^TM technology and other populations of adult stem cells are subject to many of the same risks as our adult stem cell collection, processing and storage business, and additional risks related to requirements for preclinical and clinical testing by regulatory authorities including the United States Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of the underlying therapy. The development of new drugs and therapies is often a long, expensive and difficult process and most attempts fail. Our VSEL^TM technology is in the very early stages of development and will require many steps, tests and processes before we will be able to commence clinical testing in humans. There can be no assurance that a biologics license application, or BLA, with the FDA will not be required for our VSEL^TM technology or our other stem cell technologies. The approval process for a BLA can take years, require human clinical trials and cost several million dollars. There also can be no assurance that we independently, or through collaborations, will successfully develop, commercialize or market our VSEL^TM technology or other stem cells for any therapeutic indication. Should we fail to develop our VSEL^TM technology or other adult stem cell technologies pursued by us, our business prospects, operating results and financial condition will be materially and adversely affected.

Technological and medical developments or improvements in conventional therapies could render the use of stem cells and our services and planned products obsolete.

Advances in other treatment methods or in disease prevention techniques could significantly reduce or entirely eliminate the need for our stem cell services, planned products and therapeutic efforts. Additionally, technological or medical developments may materially alter the commercial viability of our technology or services, and require us to incur significant costs to replace or modify equipment in which we have a substantial investment. In either event, we may experience a material adverse affect on our business, operating result and financial condition.

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If safety problems are encountered by us or others developing new stem cell-based therapies, our stem cell initiatives could be materially and adversely affected.

The use of stem cells for therapeutic indications is still in the very early stages of development. If an adverse event occurs during clinical trials related to one of our product candidates or those of others, the FDA and other regulatory authorities may halt our clinical trials or require additional studies. The occurrence of any of these events would delay, and increase the cost of, our product development and may render the commercialization of our product candidates impractical or impossible.

Future therapies using adult stem cells may not develop, and demand for adult stem cell collection, processing and storage may never develop.

The value of our stem cell collection, processing and storage business and our development programs could be significantly impaired, and our ability to become profitable and continue our business could be materially and adversely affected, if adult stem cell therapies under development by us or by others to treat disease are not proven effective, demonstrate unacceptable risks or side effects or, where required, fail to receive regulatory approval. The therapeutic application of stem cells to treat serious diseases is currently being explored using adult stem cells like those that are the focus of our business, as well as embryonic stem cells. Cells collected and used for the same individual are referred to as autologous cells and those collected from an individual who is not the user of the cells are referred to as allogeneic cells. To our knowledge, the only allowed therapeutic use of stem cells in the U.S., other than in connection with clinical trials, involves hematopoietic stem cell transplants to treat certain types of blood-based cancers (hematopoietic stem cells are the stem cells from which all blood cells are made). No other stem cell therapeutic products have received regulatory approval for sale in the U.S. While stem cell-based therapy has been reported to be susceptible to various risks, including some undesirable side effects and immune system responses, these problems have been primarily associated with allogeneic use. Inadequate therapeutic efficacy also is a risk that may prevent or limit approval or commercial use of adult stem cells, whether for autologous use or allogeneic use. In addition, the time and cost necessary to complete the clinical development and to obtain regulatory approval of new therapies using stems cells are expected to be significant.

Side effects or limitations of our stem cell collection process or a failure in the performance of the cryopreservation storage facility or systems of our service providers could harm our reputation and business.

Customers may experience adverse outcomes from our adult stem cell collection and storage process. These include: (i) the possibility of an infection acquired from the aphereis process, which is the process of extracting stem cells from a patient’s whole blood and it is an integral part of our collection process; (ii) collection of insufficient quantities of stem cells for therapeutic applications; (iii) failure of the equipment supporting our cryopreservation storage service to function properly and thus maintain a supply of usable adult stem cells; and (iv) specimen damage, including contamination or loss in transit to us. Should any of these events occur, our reputation could be harmed, our operations could be adversely affected and litigation could be filed against us. Our systems and operations are vulnerable to damage or interruption from fire, flood, equipment failure, break-ins, tornadoes and similar events for which we do not have redundant systems or a formal disaster recovery plan. Any claim of adverse side effects or limitations or material disruption in our ability to maintain continued uninterrupted storage systems could have a material adverse affect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

State and other requirements may impact our ability to conduct a profitable collection, processing and storage business for adult stem cells.

Some states impose additional regulation and oversight of clinical laboratories operating within their borders and impose regulatory compliance obligations on out-of-state laboratories providing services to their residents. Many of the states in which we, our strategic partners or members of our collection network engage in collection, processing or storage activities have licensing requirements that must be complied with. Additionally, there may be state regulations impacting the use of blood products that would impact our business. Certain licensing requirements require employment of medical directors and others with certain training and technical backgrounds and there can be no assurance that such individuals can be retained or will

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remain retained or that the cost of retaining such individuals will not materially and adversely affect our ability to market or perform our services or our ability to do so profitably. There can be no assurance that we, our strategic partners or members of our collection center network will be able to obtain or maintain any necessary licenses required to conduct business in any states or that the cost of compliance will not materially and adversely affect our ability to market or perform our services or our ability to do so profitably.

Our adult stem cell collection, processing and storage business was not contemplated by many existing laws and regulations, and our ongoing compliance, therefore, is subject to interpretation and risk.

Our adult stem cell collection, processing and storage service is not a medical treatment, although it involves medical procedures. Our stem cell-related business is relatively new and is not addressed by many of the regulations applicable to our field. As a result, there is often considerable uncertainty as to the applicability of regulatory requirements. Although we have devoted significant resources to ensuring compliance with those laws that we believe to be applicable, it is possible that regulators may disagree with our interpretations, prompting additional compliance requirements or even enforcement actions.

We believe that the adult stem cells collected, processed and stored through our collection services are properly classified under the FDA’s human cells, tissues and cellular- and tissue-based products, or HCT/P, regulatory paradigm and should not be classified as a medical device, biologic or drug. There can be no assurance that the FDA will not reclassify the adult stem cells collected, processed and stored through our collection services. Any such reclassification could have adverse consequences for us and make it more difficult or expensive for us to conduct our business by requiring regulatory clearance, approval and/or compliance with additional regulatory requirements.

The costs of compliance with such additional requirements or such enforcement may have a material adverse effect on our operations or may require restructuring of our operations or impair our ability to operate profitably.

We may need to obtain regulatory approval before we can market and sell stem cell biomarker screening panels in the U.S.

In the U.S., our planned stem cell biomarker screening panels may be subject to regulation as a medical device by the FDA under the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act. These domestic regulations govern many of the commercial activities we plan to perform, including the purposes for which our proposed immunodiagnostic assays can be used, the development, testing, labeling, storage and use of our proposed assays with other products, and the manufacturing, advertising, promotion, sales and distribution of our proposed assays for the approved purposes. Compliance with these regulations could prove expensive and time-consuming and render such panels commercially impractical.

Ethical and other concerns surrounding the use of stem cell therapy may negatively impact the public perception of our stem cell services, thereby suppressing demand for our services.

Although our stem cell business pertains to adult stem cells only, and does not involve the more controversial use of embryonic stem cells, the use of adult human stem cells for therapy could give rise to similar ethical, legal and social issues as those associated with embryonic stem cells, which could adversely affect its acceptance by consumers and medical practitioners. Additionally, it is possible that our business could be negatively impacted by any stigma associated with the use of embryonic stem cells if the public fails to appreciate the distinction between adult and embryonic stem cells. Delays in achieving public acceptance may materially and adversely affect the results of our operations and profitability.

The market for services related to the preservation and expansion of stem cells has become increasingly competitive.

Historically, we have faced competition from other established operators of stem cell preservation businesses and providers of stem cell storage services. Today, there is an established and growing market for cord blood stem cell banking. We are also aware of another company with established stem cell banking services that processes and stores stem cells collected from adipose, or fat, tissue. This type of stem cell banking requires harvesting fat by a liposuction procedure. Embryonic stem cells represent yet another

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alternative to pre-donated and stored adult stem cells. As techniques for expanding stem cells improve, thereby allowing therapeutic doses, the use of embryonic stem cells and other collection techniques of adult stem cells could increase and compete with our services. Finally, we are aware that other technologies are being developed to turn skin cells into cells that behave like embryonic stem cells or to harvest stem cells from the pulp of baby teeth. While these and other approaches remain in early stages of development, they may one day be competitive.

In addition, cord blood banks such as ViaCord or Cryo-Cell International easily could enter the field of adult stem cell collection because of their processing labs, storage facilities and customer lists. We estimate that there are approximately 43 cord blood banks in the U.S., approximately 28 of which are autologous, meaning that the donor and recipient are the same, and approximately 15 of which are allogeneic, meaning that the donor and recipient are not the same. Hospitals that have transplant centers to serve cancer patients may elect to provide some or all of the services that we provide. We estimate that there are approximately 162 hospitals in the U.S. with stem cell transplant centers. These competitors may have better experience and greater financial marketing, technical and research resources, name recognition, and market presence than we do. In addition, other established companies may enter our markets and compete with us. There can be no assurance that we will be able to compete successfully.

Building market acceptance of our U.S. stem cell collection, processing and storage services, may be more costly and take longer than we expect.

The success of our U.S. adult stem cell business depends on continuing and growing market acceptance of our collection, processing and storage services as well as stem cell therapy generally. Increasing the awareness and demand for our services requires expenditures for marketing and education of consumers and medical practitioners who, under present law, must order stem cell collection and treatment on behalf of a potential customer. The time and expense required to educate and to build awareness of our services and their potential benefits and about stem cell therapy in general could significantly delay market acceptance and our ultimate profitability. The successful commercialization of our services will also require that we satisfactorily address the concerns of medical practitioners in order to avoid resistance to recommendations for our services and ultimately reach our potential consumers. No assurances can be given that our business plan and marketing efforts will be successful, that we will be able to commercialize our services, or that there will be market or clinical acceptance of our services by potential customers or physicians, respectively, sufficient to generate any material revenues for us. To date, only a minimal number of collections have been performed at the collection centers in our network.

We operate in a highly regulated environment and may be unable to comply with applicable federal regulations, registrations and approvals.

Since January of 2004, registration with the FDA is required by facilities engaged in the recovery, processing, storage, labeling, packaging or distribution of any HCT/Ps, or the screening or testing of a donor. Any third party retained by us to process our samples must be similarly registered with the FDA and comply with HCT/P regulations. If we, or any third party processors, fail to register or update registration information in a timely way, we will be out of compliance with FDA regulations which could adversely affect our business. The FDA also adopted rules in May 2005 that regulate current Good Tissues Practices, or cGTP. Additionally, adverse events in the field of stem cell therapy that may occur could result in greater governmental regulation of our business, creating increased expenses and potential delays relating to the approval or licensing of any or all of the processes and facilities involved in our stem cell collection and storage services.

We also are subject to state and federal laws regulating the proper disposal of biohazardous materials. Although we believe we are currently in compliance with all such applicable laws, a violation of such laws, or the future enactment of more stringent laws or regulations, could subject us to liability for noncompliance and may require us to incur significant costs.

There can be no assurance that we will be able, or have the resources, to continue to comply with regulations that govern our operations currently, or that we will be able to comply with new regulations that govern our operations, or that the cost of compliance will not materially and adversely affect our ability to market or perform our services or our ability to do so profitably.

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The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, or HIPAA, requires that our business comply with state and federal privacy laws which increase the cost and administrative burden of providing stem cell banking services.

We are subject to state and federal privacy laws related to the protection of our customers’ personal health information and state and federal laws related to the security of such personal health information and other personal data to which we would have access through the provision of our services. Currently, we are obligated to comply with privacy and security standards adopted under HIPAA. Certain of these regulatory obligations will be changing over the next year as a result of amendments to HIPAA under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. Consequently, our compliance burden will increase, and we will be subject to audit and enforcement by the federal government and, in some cases, enforcement by state authorities. We will also be obligated to publicly disclose wrongful disclosures or losses of personal health information. We may be required to spend substantial amounts of time and money to comply with these requirements, any regulations and licensing requirements, as well as any future legislative and regulatory initiatives. Failure by us or our business partners to comply with these or other applicable regulatory requirements or any delay in compliance may result in, among other things, injunctions, operating restrictions, and civil fines and criminal prosecution, a material adverse effect on the marketing and sales of our services and impair our ability to operate profitably or at all.

Our success in developing future stem cell therapies will depend in part on establishing and maintaining effective strategic partnerships and collaborations, which may impose restrictions on our business and subject us to additional regulation.

A key aspect of our business strategy is to establish strategic relationships in order to gain access to critical supplies, to expand or complement our research and development or commercialization capabilities, and to reduce the cost of research and development. There can be no assurance that we will enter into such relationships, that the arrangements will be on favorable terms or that such relationships will be successful. If any of our research partners terminate their relationship with us or fail to perform their obligations in a timely manner, our research and development activities or commercialization of our services may be substantially impaired or delayed.

Relationships with licensed professionals such as physicians may be subject to state and federal laws restricting the referral of business, prohibiting certain payments to physicians, or otherwise limiting such collaborations. If our services become approved for reimbursement by government or private insurers, we could be subject to additional regulation and perhaps additional limitations on our ability to structure relationships with physicians. Additionally, state regulators may impose restrictions on the business activities and relationships of licensed physicians or other licensed professionals. For example, many states restrict or prohibit the employment of licensed physicians by for-profit corporations, or the “corporate practice of medicine.” If we fail to structure our relationships with physicians in accordance with applicable laws or other regulatory requirements it could have a material adverse effect on our business. Even if we do enter into these arrangements, we may not be able to maintain these relationships or establish new ones in the future on acceptable terms.

We are dependent on relationships with third parties to conduct our business.

Apheresis is the process through which stem cells are extracted from a patient’s whole blood and it is an integral part of our collection process. Our process involves the injection of a “mobilizing agent” which causes the stem cells to migrate from the bone marrow into the blood stream. The injection of this mobilizing agent is an integral part of the collection process. There is currently only one supplier of this mobilizing agent, called Neupogen®. Although we continue to explore alternative mobilizing agents and methods of stem cell collection, there can be no assurance that any alternative mobilizing agents will be available or alternative methods will prove to be successful. In the event that our supplier is unable or unwilling to continue to supply the mobilizing agent to us on commercially reasonable terms, and we are unable to identify alternative methods or find substitute suppliers on commercially reasonable terms, we may not be able to successfully commercialize our business. In addition, we are currently using only one outside apheresis provider and this party is expected to be the sole provider of such services to certain of our collection centers operated by members of our network in the near term, though we are currently reviewing other opportunities. Although

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other third parties, including the centers themselves, subject to appropriate licensure, are capable of providing apheresis services, any disruption in the relationship with this service would cause a delay in the delivery of our services. Our failure to maintain relationships with these third parties or the failure of such parties to provide quality contracted services would have a material adverse impact on our business.

We are dependent upon our management, scientific and medical personnel and we may have difficulty attracting or retaining qualified personnel.

Our performance and success are dependent upon the efforts and abilities of our management, and medical and scientific personnel. Furthermore, our growth will require hiring a significant number of qualified technical, commercial, business and administrative personnel. If we are unable to attract and retain the qualified personnel necessary to develop our business, perform contractual obligations under our University of Louisville license agreement and maintain appropriate licensure, on acceptable terms, we may not be able to sustain our operations or achieve our commercialization and other business objectives and we may fail to grow or sustain our business as a going concern.

There is significant uncertainty about the validity and permissible scope of patents in the biotechnological industry and we may not be able to obtain patent protection.

We own or hold exclusive rights to one patent and own or hold exclusive rights to fourteen filed patent applications related to our products and technologies. Given the nature of our therapeutic programs, our patents cover methods of isolating, storing and using stem cells, including very small embryonic stem cells. There can be no assurance that the patent applications to which we hold rights will result in the issuance of patents, or that any patents issued or licensed to us will not be challenged and held to be invalid or of a scope of coverage that is different from what we believe the patent’s scope to be. Our success will depend, in part, on whether we can: obtain patents to protect our own products and technologies; obtain licenses to use the technologies of third parties if necessary, which may be protected by patents; and protect our trade secrets and know-how. Our inability to obtain and rely upon patents essential to our business may have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

We may be unable to protect our intellectual property from infringement by third parties.

Despite our efforts to protect our intellectual property, third parties may infringe or misappropriate our intellectual property. Our competitors may also independently develop similar technology, duplicate our processes or services or design around our intellectual property rights. We may have to litigate to enforce and protect our intellectual property rights to determine their scope, validity or enforceability. Intellectual property litigation is costly, time-consuming, diverts the attention of management and technical personnel and could result in substantial uncertainty regarding our future viability. The loss of intellectual property protection or the inability to secure or enforce intellectual property protection would limit our ability to develop or market our services in the future. This would also likely have an adverse effect on the revenues generated by any sale or license of such intellectual property. Furthermore, any public announcements related to such litigation or regulatory proceedings could adversely affect the price of our common stock.

Third parties may claim that we infringe on their intellectual property.

We may be subject to costly litigation in the event our technology is claimed to infringe upon the proprietary rights of others. Third parties may have, or may eventually be issued, patents that would be infringed by our technology. Any of these third parties could make a claim of infringement against us with respect to our technology. We may also be subject to claims by third parties for breach of copyright, trademark or license usage rights. Litigation and patent interference proceedings could result in substantial expense to us and significant diversion of efforts by our technical and management personnel. An adverse determination in any such proceeding or in patent litigation could subject us to significant liabilities to third parties or require us to seek licenses from third parties. Such licenses may not be available on acceptable terms or at all. Adverse determinations in a judicial or administrative proceeding or failure to obtain necessary licenses could prevent us from commercializing our products, which would have a material adverse affect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

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We may be unable to maintain our licenses, patents or other intellectual property and could lose important protections that are material to continuing our operations and growth and our ability to achieve profitability.

Our license agreement with the University of Louisville and other license agreements require us to pay license fees, royalties and milestone payments and fees for patent filings and applications. Obtaining and maintaining patent protection and licensing rights also depends, in part, on our ability to pay the applicable filing and maintenance fees. Our failure to meet financial obligations under our license agreements in a timely manner or our non-payment or delay in payment of our patent fees, could result in the loss of some or all of our rights to proprietary technology or the inability to secure or enforce intellectual property protection. The loss of any or all of our intellectual property rights could materially limit our ability to develop and/or market our services, which would materially and adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

Our inability to obtain reimbursement for our therapies from private or governmental insurers, could negatively impact demand for our services.

Successful sales of health care services and products generally depends, in part, upon the availability and amounts of reimbursement from third party healthcare payor organizations, including government agencies, private healthcare insurers and other healthcare payors, such as health maintenance organizations and self-insured employee plans. Uncertainty exists as to the availability of reimbursement for new therapies such as stem cell-based therapies. There can be no assurance that such reimbursement will be available in the future at all or without substantial delay or, if such reimbursement is provided, that the approved reimbursement amounts will be sufficient to support demand for our services at a level that will be profitable.

Our insurance may not be adequate to cover all claims or losses.

We expect to have insurance coverage against operating risks, including product liability claims and personal injury claims related to our products and services, but no assurance can be given that the nature and amount of that insurance will be sufficient to fully indemnify us against liabilities arising out of pending and future claims and litigation or available on terms acceptable to us. This insurance has deductibles or self-insured retentions and contains certain coverage exclusions. The insurance may not provide complete protection against losses and risks, and our results of operations and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected by unexpected claims not covered by insurance.

We have received an informal request for documents in connection with an SEC investigation of a third party matter, and there is no assurance that the SEC will not take action against us.

In connection with the SEC’s investigation of a matter regarding an unaffiliated third party, we have received an informal request from the SEC, dated December 23, 2008, for the voluntary production of documents and information concerning the issuance, distribution, registration, purchase, sale and/or offer to sell our securities from January 1, 2007. The third party served as the lead underwriter of our public offering that was consummated in August 2007. We are cooperating fully with the SEC’s request. There has been no indication to date that we are a target of the investigation. The SEC letter stated that the request should not be construed as an indication by the SEC or its staff that any violation of the federal securities laws has occurred, nor should it be considered a reflection upon any person, entity or security, but that there is no assurance that the SEC will not take any action against us. A determination by the SEC to take action against us could be costly and time consuming, could divert the efforts and attention of our directors, officers and employees from the operation of our business and could result in sanctions against us, any or all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results.

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Risks Related to the Acquisition of Our Interest in Erye

Erye has a limited history of earnings.

Erye’s continued growth and profitability depends on stabilizing and streamlining its operations, relocating to a new factory that is now under construction, continuing research and development for new drug products and expanding its sales network for drug distribution. The failure of Erye to be profitable could materially and adversely affect its and our operating results, financial condition and ability to continue as a going concern.

We may not be able to successfully integrate Erye into our business.

Our U.S. based management team has limited experience in purchasing and integrating new businesses in China. Our failure to successfully complete the integration of Erye could have a material adverse affect on our business, operating results and financial condition by reason of our failure to realize a sufficient benefit and financial return on capital expended in connection with the acquisition.

We expect to realize increased revenues and market penetration in Erye’s product areas as a result of the acquisition of our interest in Erye. Achievement of these expected benefits will depend, in part, on how we manage the integration of the Erye business into our operations. If we are unsuccessful in integrating the Erye business in a cost-effective manner, we may not realize the expected benefits of the acquisition and our business, operating results and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.

CBH and/or its affiliates may have had unknown liabilities that now may be deemed to be liabilities of NeoStem or its merger subsidiary as a result of the Merger.

There may have been liabilities of CBH and/or its affiliates that were unknown at the time of the Merger. As a result of the Merger, any such unknown liabilities may be deemed to be liabilities of NeoStem or our merger subsidiary. In the event any such liability becomes known, it may lead to claims against us or our subsidiary including, but not limited to, lawsuits, administrative proceedings, and other claims. Any such liabilities may subject us to increased expenses for attorneys’ fees, fines and litigation and expenses associated with any subsequent settlements or judgments. There can be no assurance that such unknown liabilities do not exist. To the extent that such liabilities become known, any such liability-related expenses may materially and adversely affect our profitability, operating results and financial condition.

Erye, and we as the owner of a controlling ownership interest in Erye, may be subject to tax liability as a result of the transfer of real estate assets from Erye to EET.

Prior to the closing of the Merger, CBH was required to cause Erye to transfer certain real estate assets to EET, or the Split, the transfer of which may be deemed a taxable event under PRC tax laws. EET has agreed to indemnify Erye and us against any tax liability that may result from such transfer of real estate assets. However, should such transfer of real estate assets be ultimately determined to be taxable, there is a risk that if EET will be unable or unwilling to pay the resultant tax liability pursuant to EET’s indemnification obligations, we would bear the liability to pay such tax liability, which could materially and adversely affect our business operating results and financial condition.

Demand for Erye’s existing pharmaceutical products may not experience significant growth and new product candidates and technologies we may develop or license may fail to obtain regulatory approval and market acceptance.

We cannot accurately predict the future growth rate or the size of the markets for our pharmaceutical products and technologies in China. The expansion of these markets depends on a number of factors, such as:

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The acquisition of our interest in Erye is intended to provide us with a stable yet growing business from which to launch new pharmaceutical drugs and other products in China. Should Erye fail to perform as expected, our business and results of operations will be materially and adversely affected and our ability to raise capital and continue as a going concern will be impaired.

Our ability to manage Erye’s business will be limited.

Pursuant to the Joint Venture Agreement, Erye’s board of directors is comprised of two individuals designated by EET and three individuals designated by us; provided, however, that one of the positions designated by us is to be the member of our board of directors designated by EET. The affirmative vote of at least 75% of all of the Erye board of directors is required for all major decisions, including decisions related to corporate transactions, changes in capital structure, and the material business strategy, operations and development of Erye. In addition, under PRC law, an affirmative vote of 100% of Erye’s board of directors is required to approve certain material matters of Erye such as the increase or decrease of its registered capital, a merger or spinoff of Erye, any amendment to its articles of association, and the termination and dissolution of Erye. We currently own only a 51% interest in Erye. Accordingly, in view of these provisions, we may have limited ability to exercise control over Erye’s business strategy, operations and development. Since many of Erye’s officers will reside in China and most of our executive officers reside in the U.S., Erye’s officers will manage the day-to-day operations of Erye with only limited participation from our executive officers.

Some terms of the Joint Venture Agreement limit our ability to consummate future acquisitions and investments in chemical drug manufacturing companies, which could limit our growth.

Pursuant to the terms of the Erye Joint Venture Agreement, prior to making an investment in any other chemical drug manufacturing company that competes directly with the business of Erye, we must obtain Eyre’s approval. In addition, we are obligated to consult with Erye prior to introducing any new small molecule drug in China to determine whether it can be produced less expensively or more efficiently by Erye. There can be no assurance that Erye will provide such approvals for acquisitions or new products, which could materially and adversely affect the growth of our business in China, our operating results and our financial condition.

An amendment to the Joint Venture Agreement may be required for our lending of a portion of the proceeds of the offering to Erye, and the effectiveness of which is subject to approval by PRC government authorities.

If we loan a portion of the proceeds of the offering to Erye or the joint venture for the purpose of funding a portion of the cost to complete equipping and Erye’s relocation to Erye’s new production facility, an amendment to the Joint Venture Agreement may be required in order to provide for the use and repayment of such funds. The amendment cannot become effective until it is approved by Jiangsin Provincial Bureau of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation and by any other PRC governmental authority approving the Joint Venture Agreement. Any delay in obtaining such approval(s) or material amendments to the terms of the amendment to the Joint Venture Agreement, or taxes or other payments imposed by the PRC government authorities as a condition to approval may delay or diminish our realization of benefits of such funding, which could delay Erye’s relocation and have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

The transactions related to the Merger may not have received all necessary PRC governmental approvals.

The Split has been approved by Jiangsin Provincial Bureau of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation, or the JPBFTEC, and the amended Articles of Association and the amended Joint Venture Agreement have also been approved by the JPBFTSC in principle. While we believe that we have complied with applicable PRC laws and sought all requisite approvals with respect to the transactions related to the Merger (including, but not limited to, the Split and the amendments to both the Articles of Association and the Joint Venture Agreement), in light of the uncertainty of PRC laws in this area, no assurance can be given that all required filings have been made or will be approved following review, or that PRC authorities will not take a contrary view, any of which events could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

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Eyre’s success is dependent upon its ability to establish and maintain its intellectual property rights.

Erye’s success depends, in part, on its ability to protect its current and future technologies and products and to defend its intellectual property rights. If it fails to protect its intellectual property adequately, competitors may manufacture and market products similar to Erye’s. Some patent applications in China are maintained in secrecy until the patent is issued. Because the publication of discoveries tends to follow their actual discovery by many months, Erye may not be the first to invent, or file patent applications on any of its discoveries. Patents may not be issued with respect to any of Erye’s patent applications and existing or future patents issued to or licensed by Erye may not provide competitive advantages for its products. Patents that are issued may be challenged, invalidated or circumvented by its competitors. Furthermore, Erye’s patent rights may not prevent its competitors from developing, using or commercializing products that are similar or functionally equivalent to Erye’s products.

Erye also relies on trade secrets, non-patented proprietary expertise and continuing technological innovation that it seeks to protect, in part, by entering into confidentiality agreements with licensees, suppliers, employees and consultants. These agreements may be breached and there may not be adequate remedies in the event of a breach. Disputes may arise concerning the ownership of intellectual property or the applicability of confidentiality agreements. Moreover, Erye’s trade secrets and proprietary technology may otherwise become known or be independently developed by its competitors. If patents are not issued with respect to products arising from research, Erye may not be able to maintain the confidentiality of information relating to these products.

In the PRC, there has been substantial litigation in the pharmaceutical industry with respect to the manufacturing, use and sale of new products. These lawsuits relate to the validity and infringement of patents or proprietary rights of third parties. Erye may be required to commence or defend against charges relating to the infringement of patent or proprietary rights. Any such litigation could: (i) require Erye to incur substantial expense, even if it is insured or successful in the litigation; (ii) require Erye to divert significant time and effort of its technical and management personnel; (iii) result in the loss of its rights to develop or make certain products; and (iv) require Erye to pay substantial monetary damages or royalties in order to license proprietary rights from third parties.

An adverse determination in a judicial or administrative proceeding or a failure to obtain necessary licenses could prevent Erye from manufacturing and selling some of its products or increase its costs to market these products, which could have a material adverse affect on its and our business, operating results and financial condition.

In addition, when seeking regulatory approval for some of its products, Erye is required to certify to regulatory authorities, including the SFDA, that such products do not infringe upon third party patent rights. Filing a certification against a patent gives the patent holder the right to bring a patent infringement lawsuit against Erye. Any lawsuit regarding a particular product could delay, or result in a denial of, regulatory approval by the SFDA. A claim of infringement and the resulting delay could result in substantial expenses and even prevent Erye from manufacturing and selling certain of its products, which also could have a material adverse effect on its and our business, operating results and financial condition.

Erye’s launch of a product prior to a final court decision or the expiration of a patent held by a third party can expose Erye to a claim of substantial damages. Depending upon the circumstances, a court may award the patent holder damages equal to three times its loss of income. If Erye is found to have infringed a patent held by a third party and become subject to such treble damages, these damages could have a material adverse effect on its and our operating results and financial condition.

Erye’s insurance may not cover all risks or losses related to its drugs, products and services.

Any of Erye’s products or services may be defective, ineffective or cause dangerous side effects and, in certain cases, even fatality, and lead to claims in excess of the insurance maintained by Erye and us. Uninsured losses could materially and adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.

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The business of Erye is conducted in a highly competitive industry.

Erye’s pharmaceutical products consist primarily of prescription antibiotics and active pharmaceutical intermediates, or APIs, which are chemicals used to manufacture pharmaceutical products. The market in China for these products is highly competitive and subject to regulation by the SFDA.

Erye competes in a large market with many competitors, particularly in the area of oral antibiotics. Many of its competitors are more established than Erye, and have significantly greater financial, technical, marketing and other resources Erye. Some of Erye’s competitors have greater name recognition and a larger customer base. These competitors may be able to respond more quickly to new or changing opportunities and customer requirements and may be able to undertake more extensive promotional activities, offer more attractive terms to customers, and adopt more aggressive pricing policies. There can be no assurances that Erye will be able to compete successfully.

Many of Erye’s current products are prescription antibiotics that it sells through distributors, in many cases to state-controlled and private hospitals.

State-controlled and private hospitals are the primary users for many of Erye’s current products. The prices paid by such hospitals and the timing of payment for products purchased are, to a large extent, dependent on government policy, which is susceptible to change. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that Erye’s pricing structure for many of its products or the timing of the revenues from the sales of those products will continue. A change in government policy resulting in a reduction to the prices for any of Erye’s injectible antibiotics, or the timing of payment for products purchased, could have a material adverse effect on Erye’s, and our, results of operations and financial condition. Despite the above, the majority of the payment is received by Erye at the time of sale to the distributor.

Price control regulations may decrease our profitability.

The list of medications eligible for reimbursement as well as the prices at which they are reimbursed are controlled by the PRC government, and are subject to control by the relevant state or provincial price administration authorities. In practice, price control with respect to these medicines sets a ceiling on their retail price. The actual price of such medicines set by manufacturers, wholesalers and retailers cannot historically exceed the price ceiling imposed by applicable government price control regulations. Although, as a general matter, government price control regulations have resulted in drug prices tending to decline over time, there has been no predictable pattern for such decreases. Such price controls, especially downward price adjustment, may negatively affect the revenue and profitability of Erye and, consequently, our revenue and profitability.

The bidding process with respect to the purchase of pharmaceutical products may lead to reduced revenue.

PRC regulations require non-profit medical organizations established in China to implement bidding procedures for the purchase of drugs. It is intended that the implementation of a bidding purchase system will be extended gradually and will cover, among other drugs, those drugs consumed in large volume and commonly used for clinical uses. Pharmaceutical wholesalers must have the due authorization of the pharmaceutical manufacturers in order to participate in the bidding process. If, for the purpose of reducing the bidding price, pharmaceutical manufacturers participate in the bidding process on their own and enter into purchase and sales contracts with medical organizations directly without authorizing a pharmaceutical distributor, the revenue of Erye may be adversely affected.

Erye’s activities related to research, development and marketing new drugs have inherent risks.

Part of Erye’s strategy is to expand its portfolio of drugs and therapies. Our U.S. management team is working with Erye to identify appropriate drug candidates for the Chinese market. The development of a new drug or therapy requires time, financial resources and drug development expertise. There is always a risk that such development efforts will prove unsuccessful. There also is a risk that any new drugs and technologies developed by Erye may not be compatible with market needs, may be too expensive or may face competition. Because markets for drugs differ geographically within China, Erye must develop and manufacture its products to target specific markets to ensure product sales. Erye’s growth and survival will depend on its

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ability to develop and commercialize new products and effectively market those products. If its efforts are unsuccessful, its and our business, operating results and financial conditions will be materially and adversely affected.

Erye’s success depends on its ability to retain key personnel and manage its growth.

Erye’s business is dependent on certain of their key management and technological personnel. The departure of any of such key personnel may seriously disrupt and harm Erye’s operations, business and the implementation of Erye’s business plan. There can be no assurance that Erye can be successful in retaining them or replacing any personnel without delay in the event of a departure. Given Eyre’s plans for growth, it will need to attract and retain new executives. The inability to achieve, maintain and manage growth could have a material adverse effect on Eyre’s and our business, operating results and financial condition and our ability to continue as a going concern.

Risks Related to Doing Business in China

Our operations are subject to risks associated with emerging markets.

The Chinese economy is not well established and is only recently emerging and growing as a significant market for consumer goods and services. Accordingly, there is no assurance that the market will continue to grow. Perceived risks associated with investing in China, or a general disruption in the development of China’s markets could materially and adversely affect the business, operating results and financial condition of Erye and us.

A significant portion of our assets is located in the PRC, and investors may not be able to enforce federal securities laws or their other legal rights.

A substantial portion of our assets is located in the PRC. As a result, it may be difficult for investors in the U.S. to enforce their legal rights, to effect service of process upon certain of our directors or officers or to enforce judgments of U.S. courts predicated upon civil liabilities and criminal penalties against our directors and officers located outside of the U.S.

The PRC government has the ability to exercise significant influence and control over our operations in China.

In recent years, the PRC government has implemented measures for economic reform, the reduction of state ownership of productive assets and the establishment of corporate governance practices in business enterprises. However, many productive assets in China are still owned by the PRC government. In addition, the government continues to play a significant role in regulating industrial development by imposing business regulations. It also exercises significant control over the country’s economic growth through the allocation of resources, controlling payment of foreign currency-denominated obligations, setting monetary policy and providing preferential treatment to particular industries or companies.

There can be no assurance that China’s economic, political or legal systems will not develop in a way that becomes detrimental to our business, results of operations and financial condition. Our activities may be materially and adversely affected by changes in China’s economic and social conditions and by changes in the policies of the government, such as measures to control inflation, changes in the rates or method of taxation and the imposition of additional restrictions on currency conversion.

Additional factors that we may experience in connection with having operations in China that may adversely affect our business and results of operations include:

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Cultural, language and managerial differences may adversely affect of our overall performance.

While Chinese mergers and acquisitions activity is increasing in frequency, assimilating cultural, language and managerial differences remains problematic. Personnel issues may develop as we endeavor to consolidate management teams from different cultural backgrounds. In addition, errors arising through language translations may cause miscommunications relating to material information. These factors may make the management of our operations in China more difficult. Should we be unable to coordinate the efforts of our U.S.-based management team with our China-based management team, our business, operating results and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected.

We may not be able to enforce our rights in China.

China’s legal and judicial system may negatively impact foreign investors. The legal system in China is evolving rapidly, and enforcement of laws is inconsistent. It may be impossible to obtain swift and equitable enforcement of laws or enforcement of the judgment of one court by a court of another jurisdiction. China’s legal system is based on civil law or written statutes and a decision by one judge does not set a legal precedent that must be followed by judges in other cases. In addition, the interpretation of Chinese laws may vary to reflect domestic political changes.

There are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application to our business of PRC laws and regulations, since many of the rules and regulations that companies face in China are not made public. The effectiveness of newly enacted laws, regulations or amendments may be delayed, resulting in detrimental reliance by foreign investors. New laws and regulations that apply to future businesses may be applied retroactively to existing businesses. We cannot predict what effect the interpretation of existing or new PRC laws or regulations may have on our business.

The laws of China are likely to govern many of our material agreements, including, without limitation the Joint Venture Agreement. We cannot assure you that we will be able to enforce our interests or our material agreements or that expected remedies will be available. The inability to enforce or obtain a remedy under any of our future agreements may have a material adverse impact on our operations.

Our businesses in China are subject to government regulation that limit or prohibit direct foreign investment, limiting our ability to control these businesses, as well as our ability to pursue new ventures and expand further into the Chinese market.

The PRC government has imposed regulations in various industries, including medical research and the stem cell business, that limit foreign investors’ equity ownership or prohibit foreign investments altogether in companies that operate in such industries. As a result, our ability to control our existing China-based businesses as well as pursue new ventures and expand further into the Chinese market may be limited.

If new laws or regulations or policies forbid foreign investment in industries in which we want to expand or complete a business combination, they could severely impair our ability to grow our business. Additionally, if the relevant Chinese authorities find us or such business combination to be in violation of any laws or regulations, they would have broad discretion in dealing with such violation, including, without limitation: (i) levying fines; (ii) revoking our business and other licenses; (iii) requiring that we restructure our ownership or operations; and (iv) requiring that we discontinue any portion or all of our business. Accordingly, any of these regulations or violations could have a material adverse affect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

The import into China or export from China of technology relating to stem cell therapy may be prohibited or restricted.

The Chinese Ministry of Commerce, or MOFCOM, and Ministry of Science and Technology of China, or MOST, jointly publish the Catalogue of Technologies the Export of which from China is Prohibited or

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Restricted, and the Catalogue of Technologies the Import of which into China Prohibited or Restricted. Stem cell-related technologies are not listed in the current versions of these catalogues, and therefore their import or export should not be forbidden or require the approval of MOFCOM and MOST. However, these catalogues are subject to revision and, as the PRC authorities develop policies concerning stem cell technologies, it is possible that the categories would be amended or updated should the PRC government want to regulate the export or import of stem cell related technologies to protect material state interests or for other reasons. Should the catalogues be updated so as to bring any activities of the planned stem cell processing, storage and manufacturing operation in Beijing and related research and development activities under their purview, any such limitations or restrictions imposed on the operations and related activities could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our business in China may be adversely affected by inaccurate claims about our technology.

We recently learned of an effort by a principal of Shandong New Medicine Research Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Limited Liability Company, or Shandong New Medicine, to promote our VSEL^TM technology as his own in China. While we have no reason to believe that Shandong New Medicine or such person has any VSEL^TM technology or has access to or use of any of our proprietary information, we are analyzing the available facts and circumstances and have initiated and are reviewing additional appropriate legal remedies in the U.S. and abroad. We cannot determine at this time what effect, if any, such actions by Shandong New Medicine or its principal will have on our reputation in China.

The PRC government does not permit direct foreign investment in stem cell research and development businesses. Accordingly, we operate these businesses through local companies with which we have contractual relationships but in which we do not have controlling equity ownership.

PRC regulations prevent foreign companies from directly engaging in stem cell-related research, development and commercial applications in China. Therefore, to perform these activities, we operate our current stem cell-related business in China through two domestic variable interest entities, or VIEs: Qingdao Niao Bio-Technology Ltd., or Qingdao Niao, and Beijing Ruijieao Bio-Technology Ltd., or Beijing Ruijieao, each a Chinese domestic company controlled by the Chinese employees of NeoStem (China), Inc., our wholly foreign-owned entity, or the WFOE, through various business agreements, referred to, collectively, as the VIE documents. We control these companies and operate these businesses through contractual arrangements with the companies and their individual owners, but we have no direct equity ownership or control over these companies. Our contractual arrangements may not be as effective in providing control over these entities as direct ownership. For example, the VIEs could fail to take actions required for our business or fail to conduct business in the manner we desire despite their contractual obligation to do so. These companies are able to transact business with parties not affiliated with us. If these companies fail to perform under their agreements with us, we may have to rely on legal remedies under PRC law, which may not be effective. In addition, we cannot be certain that the individual equity owners of the VIEs would always act in our best interests, especially if they have no other relationship with us.

Although other foreign companies have used WFOEs and VIE structures similar to ours and such arrangements are not uncommon in connection with business operations of foreign companies in China in industry sectors in which foreign direct investments are limited or prohibited, the application of a VIE structure to control companies in a sector in which foreign direct investment is specifically prohibited carries increased risks.

For example, if our structure is deemed in violation of PRC law, the PRC government could revoke the business license of the WFOE, require us to discontinue or restrict our operations, restrict our right to collect revenues, require us to restructure our business, corporate structure or operations, impose additional conditions or requirements with which we may not be able to comply, impose restrictions on our business operations or on our customers, or take other regulatory or enforcement actions against us. We may also encounter difficulties in enforcing related contracts. Any of these events could materially and adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

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Due to the relationship between the WFOE and the VIEs, the PRC tax authorities may challenge our VIE structure, including the transfer prices used for related party transactions among our entities in China.

Substantially all profits generated from the VIEs will be paid to the WFOE in China through related party transactions under contractual agreements. We believe that the terms of these contractual agreements are in compliance with the laws in China. However, the tax authorities in China have not examined these contractual agreements. Due to the uncertainties surrounding the interpretation of the transfer pricing rules relating to related party transactions in China, it is possible that the tax authorities in China could challenge the transfer prices that we will use for related party transactions among our entities in China and this could increase our tax liabilities and diminish the profitability of our business in China, which would materially and adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.

We expect to rely, in part, on dividends paid by our WFOE and/or Erye to supply cash flow for our U.S. business, and statutory or contractual restrictions may limit their ability to pay dividends to us.

We expect to rely partly on dividends paid to us under the Joint Venture Agreement, attributable to our 51% ownership interest in Erye, to meet our future cash needs. However, there can be no assurance that the WFOE in China will receive payments uninterrupted or at all as arranged under our contracts with the VIEs. In addition, pursuant to the Joint Venture Agreement that governs the ownership and management of Erye, for the next three years: (i) 49% of undistributed profits (after tax) will be distributed to EET and loaned back to Erye for use in connection with its construction of the new Erye facility; (ii) 45% of the net profit after tax will be provided to Erye as part of the new facility construction fund, which will be characterized as paid-in capital for our 51% interest in Erye; and (iii) only 6% of the net profit will be distributed to us directly for our operating expenses.

The payment of dividends by entities organized under PRC law to non-PRC entities is subject to limitations. Regulations in the PRC currently permit payment of dividends by our WFOE and Erye only out of accumulated distributable earnings, if any, as determined in accordance with accounting standards and regulations in China. Moreover, our WFOE and Erye will be required to set aside a certain percentage of their accumulated after-tax profit each year, if any, to fund certain mandated reserve funds (for our WFOE, such percentage is at least 10% each year until its reserves have reached at least 50% of its registered capital), and these reserves are not payable or distributable as cash dividends. In addition, Erye is also required to reserve a portion of its after-tax profits for its employee welfare and bonus fund, the amount of which is subject to the discretion of the Erye board of directors. In addition, if Erye incurs debt on its own behalf in the future, the instruments governing the debt may restrict Erye’s or the joint venture’s ability to pay dividends or make other distributions to us. This may diminish the cash flow we receive from Erye’s operations, which would have a material adverse affect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

Restrictions on currency exchange may limit our ability to utilize our cash flow effectively.

Our interests in China will be subject to China’s rules and regulations on currency conversion. In particular, the initial capitalization and operating expenses of the two VIEs are funded by our WFOE. In China, the State Administration for Foreign Exchange, or the SAFE, regulates the conversion of the Chinese Renminbi into foreign currencies. Currently, foreign investment enterprises are required to apply to the SAFE for Foreign Exchange Registration Certificates, or IC Cards of Enterprises with Foreign Investment. Foreign investment enterprises holding such registration certificates, which must be renewed annually, are allowed to open foreign currency accounts including a “basic account” and “capital account.” Currency translation within the scope of the “basic account,” such as remittance of foreign currencies for payment of dividends, can be effected without requiring the approval of the SAFE. However, conversion of currency in the “capital account,” including capital items such as direct investments, loans, and securities, require approval of the SAFE. According to the Notice of the General Affairs Department of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on the Relevant Operating Issues Concerning the Improvement of the Administration of Payment and Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital of Foreign-invested Enterprises promulgated on August 29, 2008, or the SAFE Notice 142, to apply to a bank for settlement of foreign currency capital, a foreign invested enterprise shall submit the documents certifying the uses of the RMB funds from the settlement of foreign currency capital and a detailed checklist on use of the RMB funds from the last settlement of foreign currency capital. It is stipulated that only if the funds for the settlement of foreign currency capital are of an

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amount not more than US$50,000 and are to be used for enterprise reserve, the above documents may be exempted by the bank. This SAFE Notice 142, along with the recent practice of Chinese banks of restricting foreign currency conversion for fear of “hot money” going into China, have limited and may continue to limit our ability to channel funds to the two VIE entities for their operation. We are exploring options with our PRC counsels and banking institutions in China as to acceptable methods of funding the operation of the two VIEs, including advances from Erye, but there can be no assurance that acceptable funding alternatives will be identified. Further, even if we find an acceptable funding alternative, there can be no assurance that the PRC regulatory authorities will not impose further restrictions on the convertibility of the Chinese currency. Future restrictions on currency exchanges may limit our ability to use our cash flow for the distribution of dividends to our stockholders or to fund operations we may have outside of China, which could adversely affect our business and operating results.

Fluctuations in the value of the Renminbi relative to the U.S. dollar could affect our operating results.

We prepare our financial statements in U.S. dollars, while our underlying businesses operate in two currencies, U.S. dollars and Chinese Renminbi. It is anticipated that our Chinese operations will conduct their operations primarily in Renminbi and our U.S. operations will conduct their operations in dollars. At the present time we do not expect to have significant cross currency transactions that will be at risk to foreign currency exchange rates. Nevertheless, the conversion of financial information using a functional currency of Renminbi will be subject to risks related to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations. The value of Renminbi against the U.S. dollar and other currencies may fluctuate and is affected by, among other things, changes in China’s political and economic conditions and supply and demand in local markets. As we have significant operations in China, and will rely principally on revenues earned in China, any significant revaluation of the Renminbi could materially and adversely affect our financial results. For example, to the extent that we need to convert U.S. dollars we receive from an offering of our securities into Renminbi for our operations, appreciation of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Beginning in July of 2005, the PRC government changed its policy of pegging the value of Renminbi to the U.S. dollar. Under the new policy, the value of the Renminbi has fluctuated within a narrow and managed band against a basket of certain foreign currencies. However, the Chinese government has come under increasing U.S. and international pressure to revalue the Renminbi or to permit it to trade in a wider band, which many observers believe would lead to substantial appreciation of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar and other major currencies. There can be no assurance that Renminbi will be stable against the U.S. dollar.

If China imposes economic restrictions to reduce inflation, future economic growth in China could be severely curtailed, reducing the profitability of our operations in China.

Rapid economic growth can lead to growth in the supply of money and rising inflation. If prices for any products or services in China are unable, for any reason, to increase at a rate that is sufficient to compensate for any increase in the costs of supplies, materials or labor, it may have an adverse effect on the profitability of Erye and our operations in China would be adversely affected. In order to control inflation in the past, China has imposed controls on bank credits, limits on loans for fixed assets and restrictions on state bank lending and could adopt additional measures to further combat inflation. Such measures could harm the economy generally and hurt our business by (i) limiting the income of our customers available to spend on our products and services, (ii) forcing us to lower our profit margins, and (iii) limiting our ability to obtain credit or other financing to pursue our expansion plans or maintain our business. We cannot predict with any certainty the degree to which our business will be adversely affected by slower economic growth in China.

Erye’s manufacturing operations in China may be adversely affected by changes in PRC government policies regarding ownership of assets and allocation of resources to various industries and companies.

While the PRC government has implemented economic and market reforms, a substantial portion of productive assets in China are still owned by the PRC government. The PRC government also exercises significant control over China’s economic growth through the allocation of resources, controlling payment of foreign currency and providing preferential treatment to particular industries or companies. Should the PRC government change its policies regarding economic growth and private ownership of manufacturing and other

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assets of Erye, we may be unable to execute our business plan, we may lose rights to certain business assets and our business, operating results and financial condition may be materially harmed.

If there are any adverse public health developments in China, our business and operations may be disrupted and medical tourism in China may decline, which could delay the launch of our stem cell therapies in China.

Any prolonged occurrence of avian flu, severe acute respiratory syndrome, or SARS, or other adverse public health developments in China or other regions where we operate could disrupt our business and have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results. These could include the ability of our personnel to travel or to promote our services within China or in other regions where we operate, as well as temporary closure of our facilities.

Any closures or travel or other operational restrictions would severely disrupt our business operations and adversely affect our results of operations.

If the anticipated growth of medical tourism in China does not occur, or if fewer people travel abroad for the purpose of cosmetic or medical therapies for any reason, we may not achieve our revenue and profit expectations.

One part of our business plan involves launching innovative, safe, and effective adult stem cell-based therapies in China that have not yet been approved in the U.S., to generate sales revenues in advance of obtaining U.S. regulatory approvals. Different countries have different regulatory requirements and pathways resulting in the availability of therapeutics in one market prior to another. This phenomenon has led to the growth of an industry called “medical tourism” where patients travel to foreign locations and receive treatments that have not yet been approved in their home countries.

If the anticipated growth of medical tourism in China does not occur, or if fewer people travel abroad for the purpose of cosmetic or medical therapies for any reason, we may not achieve our revenue and profit expectations. Any setbacks to the implementation of our business plan could materially and adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

China is a developing nation governed by a one-party communist government and susceptible to political, economic, and social upheaval that could disrupt the economy.

China is a developing country governed by a one-party government. China is also a country with an extremely large population, wide income gaps between rich and poor and between urban and rural residents, minority ethnic and religious populations, and growing access to information about the different social, economic, and political systems found in other countries. China has also experienced extremely rapid economic growth over the last decade, and its legal and regulatory systems have had to change rapidly to accommodate this growth. If China experiences political or economic upheaval, labor disruptions or other organized protests, nationalization of private businesses, civil strife, strikes, acts of war and insurrections, this may disrupt China’s economy and could materially and adversely affect our financial performance.

If political relations between China and the U.S. deteriorate, our business in China may be materially and adversely affected.

The relationship between China and the U.S. is subject to periodic tension. Relations may also be compromised if the U.S. becomes a more active advocate of Taiwan or pressures the PRC government regarding its monetary, economic or social policies. Changes in political conditions in China and changes in the state of Sino-U.S. relations are difficult to predict and could adversely affect our operations or financial condition. In addition, because of our involvement in the Chinese market, any deterioration in political relations might cause a public perception in the U.S. or elsewhere that might cause the goods or services we may offer to become less attractive. If any of these events were to occur, it could materially and adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

China’s State Food and Drug Administration’s regulations may limit our ability to develop, license, manufacture and market our products and services.

Some or all of our operations in China will be subject to oversight and regulation by the SFDA. Government regulations, among other things, cover the inspection of and controls over testing, manufacturing,

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safety and environmental considerations, efficacy, labeling, advertising, promotion, record keeping and sale and distribution of pharmaceutical products. Such government regulations may increase our costs and prevent or delay the licensing, manufacturing and marketing of any of our products or services. In the event we seek to license, manufacture, sell or distribute new products or services, we likely will need approvals from certain government agencies such as the SFDA. The future growth and profitability of any operations in China would be contingent on obtaining the requisite approvals. There can be no assurance that we will obtain such approvals.

In 2004, the SFDA implemented new guidelines for the licensing of pharmaceutical products. All existing manufacturers with licenses were required to apply for the Good Manufacturing Practices, or cGMP, certifications. Erye has received the requisite certifications. However, should Erye fail to maintain its cGMP certifications or fail to obtain cGMP and other certifications for its new production facilities, this would have a material adverse effect on Erye’s and our business, results of operations and financial condition.

In addition, delays, product recalls or failures to receive approval may be encountered based upon additional government regulation, legislative changes, administrative action or changes in governmental policy and interpretation applicable to the Chinese pharmaceutical industry. Our pharmaceutical activities also may subject us to government regulations with respect to product prices and other marketing and promotional related activities. Government regulations may substantially increase our costs for developing, licensing, manufacturing and marketing any products or services, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

The SFDA and other regulatory authorities in China have implemented a series of new punitive and stringent measures regarding the pharmaceuticals industry to redress certain past misconducts in the industry and certain deficiencies in public health reform policies. Given the nature and extent of such new enforcement measures, the aggressive manner in which such enforcement is being conducted and the fact that newly-constituted local level branches are encouraged to issue such punishments and fines, there is the possibility of large scale and significant penalties being levied on manufacturers. These new measures may include fines, restriction and suspension of operations and marketing and other unspecified penalties. This new regulatory environment has added significantly to the risks of our businesses in China and may have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

In China, we plan to conduct research and development activities related to stem cells in cooperation with two domestic Chinese companies. If these activities are regarded by PRC government authorities as “human genetic resources research and development activities,” additional approvals by PRC government authorities will be required.

Our research and development activities in adult stem cells in China are conducted in cooperation with one of our VIEs, the Beijing Stem Cell Research Center, or Lab, and a consultant, the Shandong Life and Science Institute, or SLSI. Pursuant to the Interim Measures for the Administration of Human Genetic Resources, or the Measures, that took effect on June 10, 1998, China maintains a reporting and registration system on important pedigrees and genetic resources in specified regions. All entities and individuals involved in sampling, collecting, researching, developing, trading or exporting human genetic resources or taking such resources outside China must abide by the Measures. “Human genetic resources” refers to genetic materials such as human organs, tissues, cells, blood specimens, preparations or any type of recombinant DNA constructs, which contain human genome, genes or gene products as well as to the information related to such genetic materials.

It is possible that our research and development activities conducted by the Lab or SLSI in cooperation with us in China may be regarded by PRC government authorities as human genetic resources research and development activities, and thus will be subject to approval by PRC government authorities. The sharing of patents or other corresponding intellectual property rights derived from such research and development operations is also subject to various restrictions and approval requirements established under the Measures.

With regard to the ownership of intellectual property rights derived from human genetic resources research and development, the Measures provide that the China-based research and development institution shall have priority access to information about the human genetic resources within China, particularly the important pedigrees and genetic resources in the specified regions and the relevant data, information and

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specimens and any transfer of such human genetic resources to other institutions shall be prohibited without obtaining corresponding approval from the Human Genetic Resource Administration Office of China, among other governmental authorities or agencies. No foreign collaborating institution or individual that has access to the above-mentioned information may publicize, publish, apply for patent rights or disclose it by any other means without obtaining government approval. In a collaborative research and development project involving human genetic resources of China between any Chinese and foreign institutions, intellectual property rights shall be allocated according to the following principles: (i) patent rights shall be jointly applied for by both parties and the resulting patent rights shall be owned by both parties if an achievement resulting from the collaboration is patentable; (ii) either party has the right to exploit such patent separately or jointly in its own country, subject to the terms of the collaboration; however, the transfer of such patent to any third party or authorizing any third party to implement such patent shall be carried out upon agreement of both parties, and the benefits obtained thereof shall be shared in accordance with their respective contributions; and (iii) the right of utilizing, transferring and sharing any other scientific achievement resulted from the collaboration shall be specified in the collaborative contract or agreement signed by both parties. Both parties are equally entitled to make use of the achievement which is not specified in the collaborative contract or agreement; however, the transfer of such achievement to any third party shall be carried out upon agreement of both parties, and the benefits obtained thereof shall be shared in accordance with their respective contributions.

If the research and development operations conducted by the Lab or SLSI in cooperation with us in China are regarded by PRC government authorities as human genetic resources research and development activities, we may be required to obtain approval from PRC governmental authorities to continue such operations and the Measures may adversely affect our rights to intellectual property developed from such operations. Our inability to access intellectual property, or our inability to obtain required on a timely basis, or at all, could materially and adversely affect our operations in China, and our operating results and financial condition.

Erye will lose certain preferential tax concessions, which may cause our tax liabilities to increase and its profitability to decline.

The National People’s Congress of China enacted a new PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law, or the EIT Law, that went into effect on January 1, 2008. Domestic-invested enterprises and foreign-invested entities now are subject to enterprise income tax at a uniform rate of 25% unless they qualify for limited exceptions. During the transition period for enterprises established before March 16, 2007, the tax rate will gradually increase starting in 2008 and will be equal to the new tax rate in 2012. As a result, Erye will lose its preferential tax rates.

Because of the EIT Law, we expect that the tax liabilities of Erye will increase. Any future increase in the enterprise income tax rate applicable to Erye or other adverse tax treatments could increase Erye’s tax liabilities and reduce its net income, which could have a material adverse effect on Erye’s and our results of operations and financial condition.

Some of the laws and regulations governing our business in China are vague and subject to risks of interpretation.

Some of the PRC laws and regulations governing our business operations in China are vague and their official interpretation and enforcement may involve substantial uncertainty. These include, but are not limited to, laws and regulations governing our business and the enforcement and performance of our contractual arrangements in the event of the imposition of statutory liens, death, bankruptcy and criminal proceedings. Despite their uncertainty, we will be required to comply.

New laws and regulations that affect existing and proposed businesses may be applied retroactively. Accordingly, the effectiveness of newly enacted laws, regulations or amendments may not be clear. We cannot predict what effect the interpretation of existing or new PRC laws or regulations may have on our business.

In addition, pursuant to China’s Administrative Measures on the Foreign Investment in Commercial Sector, foreign enterprises are permitted to establish or invest in wholly foreign-owned enterprises or joint ventures that engage in wholesale or retail sales of pharmaceuticals in China subject to the implementation of relevant regulations. However, no specific regulations in this regard have been promulgated to date, which

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creates uncertainty. If specific regulations are not promulgated, or if any promulgated regulations contain clauses that cause an adverse impact to our operations in China, then our business, operating results and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected.

The laws and regulations governing the therapeutic use of stem cells in China are evolving. New PRC laws and regulations may impose conditions or requirements with which could materially and adversely affect our business.

As the stem cell therapy industry is at an early stage of development in China, new laws and regulations may be adopted in the future to address new issues that arise from time to time. As a result, substantial uncertainties exist regarding the interpretation and implementation of current and any future PRC laws and regulations applicable to the stem cell therapy industry. There is no way to predict the content or scope of future Chinese stem cell regulation. There can be no assurance that the PRC government authorities will not issue new laws or regulations that impose conditions or requirements with which we cannot comply. Noncompliance could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Until implementing rules are issued with regard to the PRC Antitrust Law, we are unable to determine whether our operations comply.

It is expected that a set of detailed implementing rules of the PRC Antitrust Law will be issued by the PRC government. We are now in the process of reviewing our current business model and business operation against the current PRC Antitrust Law. However, before the promulgation of such implementing rules, we are unable to determine whether we might be in violation of any aspects of the PRC Antitrust Law. A violation of the PRC Antitrust law could subject our operations to sanctions, fines and other governmental enforcement action any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We may be subject to fines and legal sanctions imposed by the SAFE or other PRC government authorities if we or our PRC employees fail to comply with recent PRC regulations relating to employee stock options granted by offshore listed companies to PRC citizens.

On April 6, 2007, the SAFE issued the “Operating Procedures for Administration of Domestic Individuals Participating in the Employee Stock Ownership Plan or Stock Option Plan of An Overseas Listed Company,” referred to as Circular 78. It is not clear whether Circular 78 covers all forms of equity compensation plans or only those which provide for the granting of stock options. For any plans which are so covered and are adopted by a non-PRC listed company after April 6, 2007, Circular 78 requires all participants who are PRC citizens to register with and obtain approvals from the SAFE prior to their participation in the plan. In addition, Circular 78 also requires PRC citizens to register with the SAFE and make the necessary applications and filings if they participated in an overseas listed company’s covered equity compensation plan prior to April 6, 2007. The 2009 Non-U.S. Plan authorizes the grant of certain equity awards to our officers and directors, some of whom are PRC citizens. Circular 78 may require our officers and directors who receive option grants and are PRC citizens to register with the SAFE. We believe that the registration and approval requirements contemplated in Circular 78 will be burdensome and time consuming. If it is determined that any of our equity compensation plans are subject to Circular 78, failure to comply with such provisions may subject us and participants of our equity incentive plan who are PRC citizens to fines and legal sanctions and prevent us from being able to grant equity compensation to our PRC employees. In that case, our ability to compensate our employees and directors through equity compensation would be hindered and our business operations may be adversely affected.

Failure to comply with the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act could subject us to penalties and other adverse consequences.

We are subject to the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, which generally prohibits U.S. companies from engaging in bribery or other prohibited payments to foreign officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. Foreign companies, including some that may compete with us, are not subject to these prohibitions. Corruption, extortion, bribery, pay-offs, theft and other fraudulent practices occur from time-to-time in the

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PRC. There can be no assurance, however, that our employees or other agents will not engage in such conduct for which we might be held responsible. If our employees or other agents are found to have engaged in such practices, we could suffer severe penalties and other consequences that may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Under the EIT Law, we may be classified as a “resident enterprise” of the PRC, which could result in unfavorable tax consequences to us and to non-PRC stockholders.

Under the EIT Law, an enterprise established outside of China with “de facto management bodies” within China is considered a “resident enterprise,” meaning that it can be treated in a manner similar to a Chinese enterprise for enterprise income tax purposes, although the dividends paid to one resident enterprise from another may qualify as “tax-exempt income.” The implementing rules of the EIT Law define de facto management as “substantial and overall management and control over the production and operations, personnel, accounting, and properties” of the enterprise. The EIT Law and its implementing rules are relatively new and ambiguous in terms of some definitions, requirements and detailed procedures, and currently no official interpretation or application of this new “resident enterprise” classification, other than for enterprises established outside of China whose main holding investor/s is/are enterprise/s established in China, is available; therefore, it is unclear how tax authorities will determine tax residency based on the facts of each case.

If the PRC tax authorities determine that we are a “resident enterprise” for PRC enterprise income tax purposes, the PRC could impose a 10% PRC tax on dividends we pay to our non-PRC stockholders and gains derived by our non-PRC stockholders from transferring our shares, if such income is considered PRC-sourced income by the relevant PRC authorities. In addition, we could be subject to a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences, including: (a) we could be subject to enterprise income tax at a rate of 25% on our worldwide taxable income, as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations; and (b) although under the EIT Law and its implementing rules, dividends paid to us from our PRC subsidiaries through our sub-holding companies may qualify as “tax-exempt income,” we cannot guarantee that such dividends will not be subject to withholding tax. Any increase in the taxation of our PRC-based revenues could materially and adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

Taxing authorities in the PRC may attempt to impose a capital gains tax on the transfer of the ownership of the 51% ownership interest in Erye.

Transactions involving the merger of two non-PRC companies, but that result in the change in ownership of joint venture interests in the PRC, historically have not been taxed by the taxing authorities in the PRC. However, recently the taxing authorities in the PRC have levied capital gains tax at the rate of approximately 10% of the gain on a few real estate and mining transactions that resulted in a change in ownership in joint ventures located in the PRC. There can be no assurance that the PRC taxing authorities will not impose a capital gains tax of approximately 10% of the gain on the transfer to us of ownership of the 51% equity interests in Erye.

Risks Related to Our Securities and this Offering

Our common stock has had limited trading volume.

Our common stock is currently listed on the NYSE Amex and has had limited trading volume since its listing on August 9, 2007. Low volumes can result in fluctuating prices and downward pressure on the price per share should there develop an imbalance between the shares available for sale and the number of shares sought to be purchased. We cannot assure you that the liquidity of our common stock will improve or that it will not decline from current levels. Our Class A Warrants also trade on the NYSE Amex, but have had very limited trading volume. An investor may find it difficult to dispose of the shares of our common stock they purchase in this offering.

Our stock price has been and may continue to be volatile.

The price of our common stock has fluctuated widely in the past and may be more volatile in the future. In addition to our low stock trading volume, some of the other factors contributing to our stock’s price volatility include announcements of government regulation, new products or services introduced by us or by

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our competition, healthcare legislation, trends in health insurance, litigation, fluctuations in operating results, our success in commercializing our business, market conditions for healthcare stocks in general as well as economic recession. Any of these factors could have a significant impact on the price of our common stock.

Failure to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting in accordance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act could have a material adverse effect on our business and stock price.

CBH reported several material weaknesses in its internal control over financial reporting and concluded that it did not have effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008 and September 30, 2009. If we fail to (1) remediate the material weaknesses identified in CBH’s internal control over financial reporting that are continuing with regard to Erye, and integrate CBH’s internal control over financial reporting pertaining to Erye with ours, or (2) we fail to maintain the adequacy of internal control over our financial reporting with regard to the financial condition and results of operations of Erye, we may not be able to ensure that we can conclude on an ongoing basis that we have effective internal control over financial reporting in accordance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, as such standards are modified, supplemented or amended from time to time.

During the course of testing our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting, we may identify and disclose material weaknesses or significant deficiencies in internal control over financial reporting that will have to be remedied. Implementing any appropriate changes to our internal control may require specific compliance training of our directors, officers and employees, entail substantial costs in order to modify our existing accounting systems, and take a significant period of time to complete. Such changes may not, however, be effective in maintaining the adequacy of our internal control over financial reporting, and any failure to maintain that adequacy or inability to produce accurate financial statements on a timely basis could result in our financial statements being unreliable, increase our operating costs and materially impair our ability to operate our business.

Failure to achieve and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting could result in a loss of investor confidence in our financial reports and could have a material adverse affect on our stock price. Additionally, failure to maintain effective internal control over our financial reporting could result in government investigation or sanctions by regulatory authorities.

We have a significant number of securities convertible into, or allowing the purchase of our common stock. Investors in this offering could be subject to increased dilution. Also, the issuance of additional shares as a result of such conversion or purchase, or their subsequent sale, could adversely affect the price of our common stock.

Investors in this offering will be subject to increased dilution upon conversion of our preferred stock and upon the exercise of outstanding stock options and warrants. There were 37,194,602 shares of our common stock outstanding as of February 1, 2010. As of that date, preferred stock outstanding could be converted into 9,086,124 shares of our common stock and stock options and warrants outstanding that are exercisable represented an additional 23,935,585 shares of our common stock that could be issued (for which cash would need to be remitted to us for exercise) in the future. Most of the outstanding shares of our common stock, as well as the vast majority of the shares of our common stock that may be issued under our outstanding options and warrants, are not restricted from trading or have the contractual right to be registered.

Any significant increase in the number of shares offered for sale could cause the supply of our common stock available for purchase in the market to exceed the purchase demand for our common stock. Such supply in excess of demand could cause the market price of our common stock to decline.

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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus includes “forward-looking” statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, as well as historical information. Such forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which may cause our actual results, performance or achievements, or industry results, to be materially different from anticipated results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. When used in this prospectus, statements that are not statements of current or historical fact may be deemed to be forward-looking statements. Without limiting the foregoing, the words “plan,” “intend,” “may,” “will,” “expect,” “believe,” “could,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” or “continue” or similar expressions or other variations or comparable terminology are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. Additionally, statements concerning our ability to successfully develop the adult stem cell business at home and abroad, the future of regenerative medicine and the role of adult stem cells in that future, the future use of adult stem cells as a treatment option and the role of VSEL^TM technology in that future, and the potential revenue growth of such business are forward-looking statements. Our future operating results are dependent upon many factors, and our further development is highly dependent on future medical and research developments and market acceptance, which is outside its control. Forward-looking statements may not be realized due to a variety of factors, including, without limitation, (i) our ability to manage the business despite continuing operating losses and cash outflows; (ii) our ability to obtain sufficient capital or a strategic business arrangement to fund its operations and expansion plans, including meeting its financial obligations under various licensing and other strategic arrangements and the successful commercialization of the relevant technology; (iii) our ability to build the management and human resources and infrastructure necessary to support the growth of the business; (iv) competitive factors and developments beyond our control; (v) scientific and medical developments beyond our control; (vi) our inability to obtain appropriate governmental licenses or any other adverse effect or limitations caused by government regulation of the business; (vii) whether any of our current or future patent applications result in issued patents and our ability to obtain and maintain other rights to technology required or desirable for the conduct of our business; (viii) whether any potential strategic benefits of various licensing transactions will be realized and whether any potential benefits from the acquisition of these new licensed technologies will be realized; (ix) whether we can obtain the consents we may require to sublicensing arrangements from technology licensors in connection with technology development; (x) our ability to maintain our NYSE Amex listing; (xi) factors regarding our business in China and, generally, regarding doing business in China, including through our variable interest entity structure; and (xii) the other factors discussed in “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this prospectus.

All forward-looking statements attributable to us are expressly qualified in their entirety by these and other factors. We undertake no obligation to update or revise these forward-looking statements, whether to reflect events or circumstances after the date initially filed or published, to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events or otherwise, except to the extent required by federal securities laws.

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USE OF PROCEEDS

We estimate the net proceeds to us from the sale of the common stock in this offering will be approximately $6,976,000, or approximately $8,119,900 if the underwriters’ over-allotment option is exercised in full, based on an assumed public offering price of $1.64 per share and after deducting the underwriting discount and our estimated offering expenses.

We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering for the following purposes:

The amounts and timing of our actual expenditures will depend on numerous factors. We may find it necessary or advisable to use portions of the proceeds for other purposes, and we will have broad discretion in the application of the net proceeds. Additionally, we may use a portion of the net proceeds of this offering to finance acquisitions of, or investments in, competitive and complementary businesses or products as a part of our growth strategy. However, we currently have no commitments with respect to any such acquisitions or investments.

Pending these uses, we intend to invest most of the net proceeds from this offering in short-term, investment-grade, interest-bearing securities.

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DIVIDEND POLICY

We have never paid any cash dividends on our capital stock and do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. We currently intend to retain any future earnings to fund the development and growth of our business. There are no restrictions in our certificate of incorporation or by-laws on declaring dividends.

As long as any shares of our Series C Preferred Stock are outstanding, no dividend may be declared or paid or set apart for payment on any junior stock, unless there has been declared and paid or set apart for payment on the shares of Series C Preferred Stock, all accrued and unpaid annual dividends; provided, however, that the foregoing does not apply to (i) dividends payable solely in shares of any class or series of junior stock, or (ii) the purchase, redemption or conversion of shares of any junior stock, in exchange solely for shares of junior stock.

Furthermore, we rely on dividend payments from our subsidiaries, NeoStem (China), Inc., or NeoStem (China) and CBH Acquisition LLC, or Merger Sub, that is the holder of our 51% interest in Erye, which may, from time to time, be subject to certain additional restrictions on their ability make distributions to us. PRC accounting standards and regulations currently permit payment of dividends only out of accumulated profits, a portion of which must be set aside to fund certain reserve funds. Our inability to receive all of the revenues from NeoStem (China) and Merger Sub may in turn provide an additional obstacle to our ability to pay dividends on our common stock in the future. Additionally, because the PRC government imposes controls on the convertibility of RMB into foreign currencies and, in certain cases, the remittance of currency out of the PRC, shortages in the availability of foreign currency may occur, which could restrict our ability to remit sufficient foreign currency to pay dividends.

Finally, any distributions we may receive by reason of our ownership of a 51% interest in Erye will be subject to the provisions of the Joint Venture Agreement, which presently provides that, for the next three years, we will receive annual distributions of only six percent of Erye’s net profit.

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CAPITALIZATION

The following table summarizes our capitalization, (a) on an actual basis as of September 30, 2009, (b) on a pro forma as adjusted basis as of September 30, 2009 to reflect the consummation of the Merger and other recent transactions, and (c) on a pro forma as adjusted basis to reflect the estimated net proceeds we will receive from the sale of 5,000,000 shares of common stock offered by this prospectus at an assumed public offering price of $1.64 per share, after deducting the underwriting discount and the estimated offering expenses we will pay.

(In Thousands, Except Share and per Share Data)		Actual Basis, as of Sept. 30, 2009				Pro Forma Basis as of September 30, 2009(1)(2)				Pro Forma Basis Upon Completion of Offering(1)(2)
Cash and cash equivalents		$	5,848.8			$	8,696.0			$	15,672.0*
Long term Debt			—				7,702.8				7,702.8
Convertible Redeemable Series C Preferred stock; 8,177,512 shares designated, liquidation value $12.50 per share; 0 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2009 and 8,177,512 shares issued and outstanding on a pro forma basis at September 30, 2009 and upon completion of offering			—				17,263.6				17,263.6
Convertible Redeemable Series D Preferred stock; 1,600,000 shares designated, liquidation value $12.50 per share; 1,293,251 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2009 and 0 shares issued and outstanding on a pro forma basis at September 30, 2009 and upon completion of offering			7,737.4				—				—
Equity
Stockholders’ equity
Preferred stock, authorized 20,000,000 shares, $0.01 par value shares
Convertible Redeemable Series B Preferred Stock; 825,000 shares designated, liquidation value 10 shares of common stock per share, $0.01 par value; 10,000 shares issued and outstanding on a proforma basis at September 30, 2009 and upon completion of offering			0.1				0.1				0.1
Common stock; 500,000,000 shares authorized, $0.001 par value; 8,593,970 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2009 and 36,512,700 shares issued and outstanding on a proforma basis at September 30, 2009 and 42,194,602 shares issued and outstanding upon completion of offering*			8.6				35.5				42.2
Additional paid-in capital			52,612.7				96,106.6				104,301.6
Accumulated deficit			(54,428.0	)			(62,932.0	)			(62,932.0	)
Accumulated comprehensive loss			(7.6	)			(7.6	)			(7.6	)
Total stockholders’ equity			(1,814.2	)			33,202.6				41,404.3**
Noncontrolling equity			—				6,029.3				6,029.3
Total Equity		$	1,814.2			$	39,231.9			$	47,433.6**

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PRICE RANGE OF COMMON STOCK

Our common stock trades on the NYSE Amex, previously known as the American Stock Exchange, under the symbol “NBS.” From August 31, 2006 to August 8, 2007, our common stock traded on the Over-The-Counter Bulletin Board (OTC.BB) under the symbol “NEOI.” The prices, as presented below, represent the highest and lowest intra-day prices for our common stock as quoted on the OTC.BB through August 8, 2007 and the high and low sales prices on the NYSE Amex thereafter. The OTC.BB market quotations may reflect inter-dealer prices without retail mark-up, mark-down, or commission, and may not necessarily represent actual transactions. On February 10, 2010, the last sale price of our common stock as reported on the NYSE Amex was $1.64 per share.

2010		High				Low
First Quarter (through February 10, 2010)			2.15				1.33

2009		High				Low
First Quarter		$	1.08			$	0.43
Second Quarter		$	2.72			$	0.80
Third Quarter		$	2.33			$	1.40
Fourth Quarter		$	2.50			$	1.28

2008		High				Low
First Quarter		$	2.24			$	1.18
Second Quarter		$	1.48			$	0.41
Third Quarter		$	1.80			$	0.70
Fourth Quarter		$	2.15			$	0.41

2007		High				Low
First Quarter		$	8.00			$	2.50
Second Quarter		$	6.40			$	3.70
Third Quarter		$	7.65			$	3.65
Fourth Quarter		$	4.75			$	1.28

As of January 27, 2010, we had 1,464 holders of record of our common stock.

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DILUTION

Purchasers of our common stock in this offering will be diluted to the extent of the difference between the public offering price per share and the net tangible book value per share of our common stock immediately after this offering. Net tangible book value dilution per share represents the difference between the amount per share paid by purchasers of common stock in this offering and the pro forma, adjusted net tangible book value per share of common stock immediately after completion of this offering.

Our pro forma, adjusted net tangible book value (deficit) as of September 30, 2009, would have been $24,039,300 or $0.65 per share of common stock. Pro forma net tangible book value (deficit) per share as of a specified date is determined by dividing our tangible book value (deficit) (total tangible assets less total liabilities) by the number of outstanding shares of common stock at such date. After giving effect to our sale of the 5,000,000 shares of common stock offered by this prospectus (based upon an assumed public offering price of $1.40 per share, after deducting the underwriting discount and our estimated offering expenses), our pro forma net tangible book value as of September 30, 2009, would have been $31,015,300, or $0.74 per share of common stock. This represents an immediate increase in pro forma net tangible book value to existing stockholders of $0.09 per share, and an immediate dilution to new investors of $0.90 per share, or 65% of the public offering price of the shares offered in this offering. The following table illustrates the per share dilution:

Assumed public offering price per share		$	1.64*
Pro forma net tangible book value (deficit) per share as of September 30, 2009		$	0.65
Increase in pro forma net tangible book value (deficit) per share attributable to new investors in this offering		$	0.09
Pro forma net tangible book value per share as of September 30, 2009 after this offering		$	0.74
Pro forma net tangible book value dilution per share to new investors in this offering		$	0.90

Investors in this offering will be subject to increased dilution upon the conversion of our preferred stock and upon the exercise of outstanding stock options and warrants. As of November 4, 2009, our preferred stock outstanding could be converted into 9,096,124 shares of our common stock, and stock options and warrants outstanding that are exercisable represented an additional 23,755,223 shares of our common stock that could be issued in the future. Most of the outstanding shares of our common stock, as well as the vast majority of the shares of our common stock that may be issued under our outstanding options and warrants, are not restricted from trading or have the contractual right to be registered.

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EXCHANGE RATE INFORMATION

CBH conducted, and Erye conducts, business in China and substantially all of their revenues are denominated in Renminbi, or RMB. However, periodic reports made to shareholders have been expressed in U.S. dollars using the then current exchange rates. This prospectus contains translations of Renminbi amounts into U.S. dollars at specified rates solely for the convenience of the reader. Assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rates as of the balance sheet date. Income and expenditures are translated at the average exchange rate for the period. The RMB is not freely convertible into other foreign currencies and all foreign exchange transactions must take place through authorized institutions. No representation is made that the RMB amounts could have been, or could be, converted into United States dollars at the rates used in translation.

The following table sets forth information concerning exchange rates between the RMB and the United States dollar for the periods indicated.

Year Ended December 31,		Year End RMB/US$				Yearly Average RMB/US$
2007			7.29				7.59
2008			6.82				6.94
2009			6.84				6.84
2010 (through February 10, 2010)			6.84				6.83

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SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

The following selected statement of operations data for NeoStem for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, and the selected balance sheet data at those dates, are derived from our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto audited by Holtz Rubenstein Reminick LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm. The following selected statement of operations data for CBH for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, and the selected balance sheet data at those dates, are derived from CBH’s consolidated financial statements and notes thereto audited by Frazer Frost, LLP (successor entity to Moore Stephens Wurth Frazer & Torbet, LLP), CBH’s independent registered public accounting firm.

The statement of operations data for NeoStem and CBH for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008, and all statement of operations data for CBH, are unaudited. These tables should be read in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” for each of NeoStem and CBH and the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus.

Consolidated Statement of Operations Data — NeoStem
  
(In Thousands, Except Share and per Share Data)

		Year Ended December 31,								Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2008				2007				2009				2008
										(Unaudited)				(Unaudited)
Revenues		$	84			$	232			$	158			$	49
Direct costs			32				25				93				12
Gross profit			52				207				65				37
Operating (loss)			(9,233	)			(10,439	)			(13,745	)			(6,802	)
Net income (loss)			(9,242	)			(10,445	)			(13,778	)			(6,811	)
Earnings (loss) per share		$	(1.53	)		$	(3.18	)		$	(1.78	)		$	(1.22	)
Weighted average number of shares outstanding:			6,056,886				3,284,116				8,096,469				5,594,701

Consolidated Balance Sheet Data — NeoStem
  
(In Thousands)

		As of December 31,								As of September 30, 2009
		2008				2007
										(Unaudited)
Cash and cash equivalents		$	431			$	2,304			$	5,849
Total assets			1,824				3,775				8,603
Current liabilities			961				444				2,680
Long-term liabilities			—				14				—
Redeemable preferred stock			—				—				7,737
(Accumulated deficit)			(39,994	)			(30,752	)			(54,428	)
Total stockholders’(deficit)/equity			863				3,316				(1,814	)

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Consolidated Statement of Operations Data — China Biopharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc.
  
(In Thousands, Except Share and per Share Data)

		Year Ended December 31,								Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2008				2007				2009				2008
										(Unaudited)				(Unaudited)
Revenues		$	49,726			$	31,881			$	45,043			$	36,768
Cost of goods sold			34,461				23,633				29,760				25,523
Gross profit			15,265				8,248				15,283				11,245
Income from operations			8,710				1,528				11,044				7,541
Minority interest			3,989				1,519				4,842				3,344
Loss from discontinued operations			(601	)			(11,932	)			(494	)			(87	)
Net income (loss) available to common stockholders		$	1,794			$	(13,547	)		$	3,299			$	2,142
Net income (loss) per share – basic:		$	0.05			$	(0.37	)		$	0.07			$	0.06
Weighted average number of shares outstanding – basic:			36,348,531				36,340,860				37,082,457				36,490,312

Consolidated Balance Sheet Data — China Biopharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc.
  
(In Thousands)

		As of December 31,								As of September 30, 2009
		2008				2007
										(Unaudited)
Cash		$	471			$	634			$	2,847
Total assets			40,379				31,200				52,820
Current liabilities			18,508				16,135				21,403
Long-term liabilities			65				65				9,132
Redeemable preferred stock			12,509				12,509				12,509
(Accumulated deficit)			(16,798	)			(18,059	)			(11,034	)
Total equity			(181	)			(3,017	)			9,776

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those set forth under “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and under “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this prospectus. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus.

The Merger

As reported on our Current Report on Form 8-K dated November 6, 2008, on November 2, 2008 we entered into the Merger Agreement with CBH. On October 30, 2009, the Merger was consummated, the effect of which was our acquisition of CBH’s 51% ownership interest in Erye. China Biopharmaceuticals Corp., a British Virgin Islands corporation and wholly-owned subsidiary of CBH, or CBC, and CBH Acquisition LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and our wholly-owned subsidiary, or Merger Sub, who merged with CBH and survived the Merger, also were parties to the Merger Agreement.

Erye was founded more than 50 years ago and represents an established, vertically-integrated pharmaceutical business, focused primarily on antibiotics. Suzhou Erye Economy and Trading Co. Ltd., or EET, owns the remaining 49% ownership interest in Erye. Merger Sub and EET have negotiated a revised joint venture agreement, or the Joint Venture Agreement, which will become effective upon approval by the requisite PRC governmental authorities, and will govern the ownership of Erye.

Pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Joint Venture Agreement, dividend distributions to EET and Merger Sub will be made in proportion to their respective ownership interests in Erye; provided, however, that for the three-year period commencing on the first day of the first fiscal quarter after the Joint Venture Agreement becomes effective distributions will be made as follows: (i) the 49% of undistributed profits (after tax) of the joint venture due EET will be distributed to EET and lent back to Erye to help finance costs in connection with their construction of and relocation to a new facility and; (ii) of the net profit (after tax) of the joint venture due Merger Sub, 45% will be provided to Erye as part of the new facility construction fund and will be characterized as paid-in capital for Merger Sub’s 51% interest in Erye, and 6% will be distributed to Merger Sub directly.

For more information regarding the Merger, please refer to our current report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on November 6, 2009 at: http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/320017/000114420409056592/v164842_8k.htm.

Overview

In 2009, through our expansion efforts within China and with the acquisition of a controlling interest in Suzhou Erye Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., or Erye, we transitioned into a multi-dimensional international biopharmaceutical company with product and service revenues, global research and development capabilities and operations in three distinct business units: (i) U.S. adult stem cells, (ii) China adult stem cells, and (iii) China pharmaceuticals. These business units are expected to provide platforms for the accelerated development and commercialization of innovative technologies and products in both the U.S. and China.

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The following discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is presented separately for NeoStem, Inc. and China Biopharmaceutical Holdings, Inc. for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 and for the twelve months ended December 31, 2008.

As a condition to the consummation of the Merger, effective September 4, 2009, CBH spun-off China Biopharmaceuticals Corp., or CBC, and wrote-off CBC’s 90% owned subsidiary Keyuan Pharmaceutical R&D Co., Ltd, or Keyuan. On September 4, 2009, CBH also entered into a trust agreement as settlors with Stephen Globus as trustee for the benefit of the holders of the common stock of CBH, or the Trust Agreement. Pursuant to the Trust Agreement, CBH transferred all issued and outstanding stock of CBC to the Trust for the benefit of all CBH stockholders for the purpose of winding down the operations of CBC. Accordingly, the discussion of financial condition and results of operations of CBH for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, and for the twelve months ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, have been reclassified to reflect the discontinuation of operations of CBC and Keyuan.

NeoStem — Critical Accounting Policies

During the quarter ended September 30, 2009, we modified our revenue recognition policy relative to the license fees we recognize from physicians seeking to establish autologous adult stem cell collection centers, to recognize such fees as revenues ratably over the appropriate period of time to which the revenue element relates. Previously these license fees were recognized in full when agreements were signed and the physician had been qualified by our credentialing committee. In previous reports we have described these fees as “start-up” fees. Effective with the filing of the Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2009, we have re-characterized these fees as license fees in order to better describe the nature of the relationship between us and these physicians and physician practices and the nature of the fees received.

We have determined that this modification of our revenue recognition policy does not require a retroactive application to our previously issued financial statements for the periods set forth above because the impact on the financial statements taken as a whole during such periods is not material.

Our “Critical Accounting Policies” are as follows:

Revenue Recognition:  We initiated the collection and banking of autologous adult stem cells in the fourth quarter of 2006. We recognize revenue related to the collection and cryopreservation of autologous adult stem cells when the cryopreservation process is completed which is generally twenty-four hours after cells have been collected. Revenue related to advance payments of storage fees is recognized ratably over the period covered by the advanced payments. We also earn revenue, in the form of license fees, from physicians seeking to establish autologous adult stem cell collection centers. These license fees are billed upon the signing of the collection center agreement and qualification of the physician by our credentialing committee and at various times during the term of the license agreement based on the terms of the specific agreement. During the quarter ended June 30, 2009, we modified our revenue recognition policy relative to these license fees to recognize such fees as revenues ratably over the appropriate period of time to which the revenue element relates. Previously these licensing fees were recognized in full when agreements were signed and the physician had been qualified by our credentialing committee. This modification of our revenue recognition policy did not have a material impact on our results of operations.

Income Taxes and Valuation Reserves:  We are required to estimate our income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate as part of preparing our financial statements. This involves estimating the actual current tax in addition to assessing temporary differences resulting from differing treatments for tax and financial accounting purposes. These differences, together with net operating loss carryforwards and tax credits, are recorded as deferred tax assets or liabilities on our balance sheet. A judgment must then be made of the likelihood that any deferred tax assets will be realized from future taxable income. A valuation allowance may be required to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. In the event we determine that we may not be able to realize all or part of our deferred tax asset in the future, or that new estimates indicate that a previously recorded valuation allowance is no longer required, an adjustment to the deferred tax asset is charged or credited to net income in the period of such determination. Upon receipt of the proceeds from the last foreign purchasers of our common stock in January 2000, our common stock ownership changed in excess of 50% during the three-year period then ended. At December 31, 2008, we had net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $31,000,000

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applicable to future Federal income taxes, approximately $24,000,000 applicable to New York State income taxes, approximately $2,000,000 applicable to California income taxes and approximately $12,500,000 applicable to New York City income taxes. Included in the Federal net operating loss carryforwards is approximately $2,121,000 that has been limited by the ownership change. Beginning December 31, 2009, the tax loss carryforwards are expected to expire at various dates through 2028; however, we are reviewing these dates as a result of the capital raises we completed in April, June and July of 2009. We have recorded a full valuation allowance against our net deferred tax asset because of the uncertainty that the utilization of the net operating loss and deferred revenue and fees will be realized.

Goodwill:  Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired in a business combination. We review recorded goodwill for potential impairment annually or upon the occurrence of an impairment indicator. We performed our annual impairment tests as of December 31, 2008 and determined that no impairment exists. We will perform our future annual impairment tests as of the end of each fiscal year.

Intangible Assets:  ASC 350-10 (formerly FASB Staff Position No. 142 Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets) requires purchased intangible assets other than goodwill to be amortized over their useful lives unless those lives are determined to be indefinite. Purchased intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortization. Definite-lived intangible assets, which consists of patents and rights associated with the VSEL^TM technology which constitutes the principal assets acquired in the acquisition of SCTI, have been assigned a useful life and are amortized on a straight-line basis over a period of twenty years.

NeoStem — Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2008, FASB issued ASC 815-40 (formerly EITF No. 07-5, “Determining Whether an Instrument (or an Embedded Feature) Is Indexed to an Entity’s Own Stock”) (“ASC 815-40”). ASC 815-40 provides that an entity should use a two-step approach to evaluate whether an equity-linked financial instrument (or embedded feature) is indexed to its own stock, including evaluating the instrument’s contingent exercise and settlement provisions. This statement is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008. Early application is not permitted. At the present time we do not have any such equity instruments but we are assessing the potential impact of this statement on our future financial condition and results of operations.

In April 2009, the FASB issued ASC 805-10,805-20 and 805-30 (formerly FASB Staff Position No. 141(R)-1, Accounting for Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed in a Business Combination That Arise from Contingencies) (“ASC 805”). ASC 805 amends and clarifies ASC 805 (formerly SFAS No. 141(R)). ASC 805 requires an acquirer to recognize at fair value, at the acquisition date, an asset acquired or a liability assumed in a business combination that arises from a contingency if the acquisition-date fair value of that asset or liability can be determined during the measurement period. If the fair value cannot be determined during the measurement period, an asset or a liability shall be recognized at the acquisition date if the asset or liability can be reasonably estimated and if information available before the end of the measurement period indicates that it is probable that an asset existed or that a liability had been incurred at the acquisition date ASC 805 amends the disclosure requirements of ASC 805 to include business combinations that occur either during the current reporting period or after the reporting period but before the financial statements are issued. ASC 805 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008 and interim periods within those years. The adoption of ASC 805 has resulted in NeoStem expensing currently pre-merger costs associated with the proposed merger with China BioPharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc., which amounted to $2,232,000 in the nine months ended September 30, 2009. This statement was effective January 1, 2009.

In December 2008, the FASB issued ASC 860-10 (formerly FASB Staff Position FAS 140-4 and FIN 46(R)-8, Disclosures by Public Entities (Enterprises) about Transfers of Financial Assets and Interests in Variable Interest Entities) (“ASC 860”). This document increases disclosure requirements for public companies and is effective for reporting periods (interim and annual) that end after December 15, 2008. The purpose of ASC 860 is to improve disclosures by public entities and enterprises until the pending amendments to ASC 860 (formerly FASB Statement No. 140, Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities, and FASB Interpretation No. 46 (revised December 2003), Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities), are finalized and approved by the Board. ASC 860 amends ASC 815 to require

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public entities to provide additional disclosures about transferors’ continuing involvements with transferred financial assets. It also amends ASC 860 to require public enterprises, including sponsors that have a variable interest in a variable interest entity, to provide additional disclosures about their involvement with variable interest entities. We implemented the requirements of ASC 860 in the second quarter of 2009. As the requirements of this literature only impact our disclosures, there was no impact to our financial results.

In April 2009, the FASB issued ASC 820-10 (formerly FASB Staff Position No. 157-4, Determining Fair Value When the Volume and Level of Activity for the Asset or Liability Have Significantly Decreased and Identifying Transactions That Are Not Orderly) (“ASC 820”). ASC 820 provides additional guidance for estimating fair value in accordance with SFAS No. 157 when the volume and level of activity for the asset or liability have significantly decreased. ASC 820 also includes guidance on identifying circumstances that indicate a transaction is not orderly. ASC 820 requires the disclosure of the inputs and valuation technique used to measure fair value and a discussion of changes in valuation techniques and related inputs, if any, during the period. ASC 820 also requires that the entity define major categories for equity securities and debt securities to be major security types. ASC 820 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods ending after June 15, 2009. We have adopted ASC 820 in our quarter ended June 30, 2009. The adoption of ASC 820 did not have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations.

In April 2009, the FASB issued ASC 320-10 (formerly FASB Staff Position No. 115-2 and FAS 124-2, Recognition and Presentation of Other-Than-Temporary Impairments) (“ASC 320”). This FSP amends the other-than-temporary impairment guidance in U.S. GAAP for debt securities to make the guidance more operational and to improve the presentation and disclosure of other-than-temporary impairments on debt and equity securities in the financial statements. This FSP does not amend existing recognition and measurement guidance related to other-than-temporary impairments of equity securities. ASC 320 requires the entity to assess whether the impairment is other-than-temporary if the fair value of a debt security is less than its amortized cost basis at the balance sheet date. This statement also provides guidance to assessing whether or not the impairment is other-than-temporary and guidance on determining the amount of the other-than-temporary impairment that should be recognized in earnings and other comprehensive income. ASC 320 also requires an entity to disclose information that enables users to understand the types of securities held, including those investments in an unrealized loss position for which the other-than-temporary impairment has or has not been recognized. ASC 320 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods ending after June 15, 2009. The adoption of ASC 320 did not have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations.

In April 2009, the FASB issued ASC 825-10 (formerly FASB Staff Position No. FAS 107-1 and APB 28-1, Interim Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments) (“ASC 825”). ASC 825 amends ASC 825 (formerly FASB Statement No. 107, Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments), to require disclosures about fair value of financial instruments at interim reporting periods. This Staff Position is effective for interim reporting periods ending after June 15, 2009, with early adoption permitted for periods ending after March 15, 2009 provided ASC 320 (described above) are also early adopted. We adopted ASC 825 in our quarter ended June 30, 2009. The adoption of ASC 825 did not have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations.

In May 2009, the FASB issued ASC 855-10 (formerly Statement No. 165, Subsequent Events) (“ASC 855”). ASC 855 establishes general standards of accounting for and disclosure of events that occur after the balance sheet date but before the financial statements are issued or are available to be issued. We have adopted Statement 165 in our quarter ended June 30, 2009. The adoption of ASC 855 did not have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations.

In June 2009, the FASB issued Statement No. 166, Accounting for Transfers of Financial Assets, an amendment of FASB Statement No. 140. Statement 166 eliminates the concept of a “qualifying special-purpose entity” from Statement 140 and changes the requirements for derecognizing financial assets. We will adopt Statement 166 in 2010 and are currently evaluating the impact of its pending adoption on our consolidated financial statements.

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In June 2009, the FASB issued Statement No. 167, Amendments to FASB Interpretation No. 46(R). Statement 167 amends the evaluation criteria to identify the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity provided by FASB Interpretation No. 46(R) , Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities — An Interpretation of ARB No. 51 . Additionally, Statement 167 requires ongoing reassessments of whether an enterprise is the primary beneficiary of the variable interest entity. We will adopt Statement 167 in 2010 and are currently evaluating the impact of its pending adoption on our consolidated financial statements.

NeoStem — Results of Operations

Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2009 Compared to Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008

Revenue

For the three months ended September 30, 2009, total revenues were $85,100 compared to $25,200 for the three months ended September 30, 2008. The revenues generated in the three months ended September 30, 2009 were principally from stem cell collection fees and monthly stem cell storage fees totaling $79,100, and the balance was from licensing fees derived from physicians in our collection center network. The revenues generated in the three months ended September 30, 2008 were from stem cell collection fees and monthly stem cell storage fees in the period in the amount of $11,600 and the balance of $13,000 were licensing fees associated with fees earned from our physicians in our collection center network.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2009, total revenues were $157,700 compared to $49,500 for the nine months ended September 30, 2008. The revenues generated in the nine months ended September 30, 2009 were principally from stem cell collection fees and monthly stem cell storage fees totaling $133,600, the balance were from licensing fees derived from physicians in our collection center network totaling and $9,000 in other revenue. The revenues generated in the nine months ended September 30, 2008 were from stem cell collection fees and monthly stem cell storage fees in the period in the amount of $21,500 and the balance of $28,000 were licensing fees associated with fees earned from our physicians in our collection center network.

Operating Expenses

For the three months ended September 30, 2009, selling, general, administrative and research expenses were $7,263,200 compared to $1,935,700 for the three months ended September 30, 2008, representing an increase of $5,327,500 or 275%.

Historically, to minimize our use of cash, we have used a variety of equity and equity-linked instruments to pay for services and to incentivize staff, consultants and other service providers. The use of these instruments has resulted in significant charges to the results of operations. In general, these equity and equity-linked instruments were used to pay for staff and consultant compensation, director fees, marketing activities, investor relations and other activities. For the three months ended September 30, 2009 the use of equity and equity-linked instruments to pay for such expenses resulted in charges to selling, general, administrative and research expenses of $2,073,500, representing an increase of $1,305,900 over the three months ended September 30, 2008.

For the three months ended September 30, 2009, our selling, general, administrative and research expenses funded by cash were $5,189,700 compared to $1,168,100 in cash funded selling, general, administrative and research expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2008, representing an increase of $4,021,600, which was the result of:

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For the nine months ended September 30, 2009, our selling, general, administrative and research expense were $13,809,400 compared to $6,969,900 for the nine months ended September 30, 2008, representing an increase of approximately 102% over the corresponding prior year period.

Historically, to minimize our use of cash, we have used a variety of equity and equity-linked instruments to pay for services and to incentivize staff, consultants and other service providers. The use of these instruments has resulted in significant charges to the results of operations. In general, these equity and equity-linked instruments were used to pay for staff and consultant compensation, director fees, marketing activities, investor relations and other activities. For the nine months ended September 30, 2009, the use of equity and equity-linked instruments to pay for such expenses resulted in charges to selling, general, administrative and research expenses of $3,832,100, representing an increase of $656,500 over the nine months ended September 30, 2008.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2009, our selling, general, administrative and research expenses funded by cash were $9,977,300 compared to $3,663,600 in cash funded selling, general, administrative and research expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2008, representing an increase of $6,313,700, which was the result of:

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Other Income and Expense

For the three months ended September 30, 2009, interest income increased by $12,400 as the result of investing the net proceeds of the April and June 2009 private placements in money market funds. Until the Series D Preferred Stock automatically converted into our common stock upon stockholder approval on October 29, 2009, the Series D Preferred Stock required an annual dividend of 10% to be paid on April 9^th of each year if it was still outstanding on such date (see below). This dividend was being recorded ratably each month and resulted in a charge to operating results of $404,100 for the three month period ended September 30, 2009.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2009, interest income increased by $23,400 as the result of investing the net proceeds of the April and June 2009 private placements in money market funds. Interest expense increased by $48,600 primarily due to the expense associated with the increase in derivative value of the warrants issued in connection with our public offering in 2007 and interest paid on $1,150,000 of promissory notes issued to RimAsia in February and March 2009. These notes were repaid in April 2009 upon the closing of the April 2009 private placement of Series D Preferred Stock. The Series D Preferred Stock required an annual dividend of 10% payable on April 9^th of each year if the Series D Preferred Stock was outstanding at that time. This dividend was being recorded ratably each month and resulted in a charge to operating results of $655,900 for the nine months ended September 30, 2009. The conversion of the Series D Preferred Stock into our common stock was one of the proposals submitted to stockholders and approved at our Special Meeting of Stockholders held on October 29, 2009. Upon such approval, the Series D Preferred Stock automatically converted into our common stock and thus no dividends will be payable.

For the reasons cited above, the net loss for the three months ended September 30, 2009 increased to $7,623,400 from $1,921,700 for the three months ended September 30, 2008 and the net loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 increased to $14,433,700 from $6,810,700 for the nine months ended September 30, 2008.

Year Ended December 31, 2008 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2007

For the year ended December 31, 2008, total revenues were $83,500 compared to $232,000 for the year ended December 31, 2007. The revenues generated in the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 were derived from a combination of revenues from the collection of autologous adult stem cells, start-up fees collected from collection centers in our collection center network and additionally, for the year ended December 31, 2007, the recognition of fees received in prior years from the sale of extended warranties and service contracts via the Internet, which were deferred and recognized over the life of such contracts. For the year ended December 31, 2008, we earned $52,500 relating to the collection and storage of autologous adult

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stem cells and $31,000 of start-up fees. For the year ended December 31, 2007, we earned $41,000 from the collection and storage of autologous adult stem cells and $189,000 from start-up fees. The reduction in start-up fees from 2007 to 2008 was due primarily to reduced activity in establishing collection centers and a concentration of our efforts on recruiting clients into the existing network in the Greater New York area, Southern California and Coral Gables, Florida. In addition, start-up fees were reduced because we opted to help support the launch of our new centers by waiving or reducing start-up fees. We recognized revenues from the sale of extended warranties and service contracts via the Internet of $1,700 for the year ended December 31, 2007. Since we had not been in the business of offering extended warranties since 2002, this revenue source declined and the recognition of these revenues ended in March 2007.

Direct costs are comprised of the cost of collecting autologous stem cells from clients and, as it relates to the prior business of offering extended warranties, the pro-rated cost of reinsurance purchased at the time an extended contract was sold to underwrite the potential obligations associated with such warranties. For the year ended December 31, 2008, the direct costs of collecting autologous stem cells were $32,000. For the year ended December 31, 2007, the direct costs of collecting autologous stem cells were $24,000 and $1,000 was associated with the pro-rata cost of reinsurance purchased for associated extended warranties.

Our selling, general and administration expenses for the year ended December 31, 2008 decreased by $1,360,000 or 13% over the year ended December 31, 2007, from $10,646,000 to $9,285,000. The decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses was primarily due to an overall decrease in operating expenses as we made a concerted effort to reduce staff and trim expenses.

In an effort to preserve cash in 2008 and 2007, we continued to utilize our common stock, common stock options and warrants to pay for certain services. In 2008, we incurred $3,890,000 of expense related to the use of various equity and equity-linked instruments compared to 2007 when we incurred $4,619,000 of expense from such use, an overall reduction of $729,000. Equity and equity-linked instruments have been used for compensation purposes for management and other staff, consultants and directors and to pay for investment banking fees, investor relations, marketing expenses as well as other expenses. The compensatory element of the vesting of stock options and common stock granted to staff and directors was reduced by $1,427,000 in 2008 principally because the fair value of the options and common stock vesting in 2008 was significantly lower in comparison to 2007. Our use of equity and equity-linked instruments to pay for investment banking fees, investor relations, marketing expense as well as other expenses increased by $589,000.

Selling, general and administrative expenses funded by cash decreased $632,000, or 10%, when compared to 2007. The decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses funded by cash in 2008 was primarily related to a decrease in legal expense of $630,000, investor relations expense of $312,000, consulting fees of $213,000, salary and benefits of $109,000, travel and entertainment of $108,000, validation expenses required for New York licensing of $60,000, the conclusion of severance payments to a former staff member of $54,000, stock exchange fees, filing fees and other related fees of $42,800, reduced attendance at conferences of $29,500 and laboratory expenses of $14,000. These decreases were offset by increases in expenses and activities associated with the Merger of $806,000, marketing expenses of $34,200, accounting fees of $18,000, research and development expenditures related to fees due the University of Louisville in connection with our VSEL^TM technology license of $50,000, expenses for applying for scientific grants and other activities to support VSEL^TM technology research of $18,000, and a variety of other expenses that resulted in a net expense increase of $14,100.

NeoStem — Liquidity and Capital Resources

At September 30, 2009 we had a cash balance of $5,848,800, working capital of $3,709,400 and stockholders’ deficit of $1,814,200.

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Nine Months ended September 30, 2009

We incurred a net loss of $14,433,700 for the nine months ended September 30, 2009. The following chart represents the net funds provided by or used in operating, financing and investment activities for each period indicated:

		Nine Months Ended
		September 30, 2009				September 30, 2008
Cash (used) in operating activities		$	(9,511,900	)		$	(3,368,300	)
Cash provided/(used) in investing activities		$	(691,000	)		$	(7,300	)
Cash provided by financing activities		$	15,620,900			$	2,135,700

Operating Activities

Our cash used for operating activities in the nine months ended September 30, 2009 totaled $9,511,900, which is the sum of (i) our net loss, adjusted for non-cash expenses totaling $3,928,600 which includes common stock, common stock options and common stock purchase warrants issued for services rendered in the amount of $3,832,100 and depreciation and amortization of $96,500; (ii) an increase in cash provided from unearned revenue from advance payments from customers and licensees of $189,200, increases in accounts payable and accrued expenses of $741,400 and an increase in accrued dividends of $655,900 and; (iii) cash used for payments of security deposits and other assets of $325,400 and increases in accounts receivable of $156,500 and prepaid assets of $111,400.

In November 2007, we acquired the exclusive, worldwide rights to the VSEL^TM technology developed by researchers at the University of Louisville. Concurrent with acquiring these rights, we also entered into a sponsored research agreement, or SRA, with the University of Louisville Research Foundation, or ULRF. Under the license agreement, we agreed to engage in a diligent program to develop the VSEL^TM technology. Certain license fees, milestone payments and royalties, and specified payments in the event of sublicensing are to be paid to ULRF, and we are responsible for all payments for patent filings and related applications. Under the SRA, NeoStem will support additional research relating to the VSEL^TM technology to be carried out in the laboratory of Mariusz Ratajczak, M.D., Ph.D., a co-inventor of the VSEL^TM technology and head of the Stem Cell Biology Program at the James Graham Brown Cancer Center at the University of Louisville, through at least March 31, 2010. In return, NeoStem will receive the exclusive first option to negotiate a license to the research results. The cost of the research to NeoStem is $120,859, although we are receiving a credit towards these costs in the amount of approximately $25,000. NeoStem is also supporting the costs of a post doctoral fellow in the laboratory of Dr. Ratajczak. To date we have paid a total of $181,337 under the license agreement and the SRA.

Investing Activities

In 2009, we opened a research laboratory in Cambridge, MA to support the research and development requirements of our VSEL^TM technology as well as our other research efforts regarding adult stem cells. The outfitting of this laboratory required us to purchase approximately $550,000 of laboratory equipment during the period. As development projects expand, the need for additional capital expenditures for our research laboratory will increase. Our expansion into China resulted in the purchase of several specialized medical instruments and office equipment totaling approximately $82,600 of capital expenditures, that will be used to deliver advanced therapies in China. The balance of our capital expenditures were made to improve our internal company communications and to support additional staff.

Financing Activities

During the nine months ended September 30, 2009, we met our immediate cash requirements through existing cash balances, short-term loans, the Funding Agreement with RimAsia and offerings of preferred stock and warrants, in addition to the use of equity and equity-linked instruments to pay for services and compensation.

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During the first quarter of 2009, we issued promissory notes to RimAsia, or the RimAsia Notes, which aggregated $1,150,000. In April 2009, we completed a private placement financing totaling $11 million, or the April 2009 Private Placement, of which approximately $1,162,000 was used to repay the RimAsia Notes and accrued interest. The April 2009 Private Placement consisted of the issuance of 880,000 units priced at $12.50 per unit, with each unit consisting of one share of our Series D Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock, or Series D Stock (convertible into 10 shares of our common stock) and ten warrants, or the Series D Warrants, with each Series D Warrant to purchase one share of our common stock. In June 2009, and with a final closing on July 6, 2009, we completed an additional private placement financing with net proceeds of $4,679,220, or the June 2009 Private Placement. The June 2009 Private Placement consisted of the issuance of 400,280 Series D Units priced at $12.50 per unit. A total of 400,280 Series D Preferred Stock and 4,002,800 Series D Warrants were issued. We paid $324,280 in fees and issued 12,971 Series D Units to agents that facilitated the June 2009 Private Placement. The Series D Units issued to the selling agents were comprised of 12,971 shares of Series D Stock and 129,712 Series D Warrants. In total, in the April 2009 and June 2009 Private Placements, the number of shares of Series D Stock issued was 1,293,251 and the number of Series D Warrants issued was 12,932,512. Upon the affirmative vote of holders of a majority of the voting power of our common stock, the Series D Stock was automatically converted into 12,932,510 shares of our common stock at a conversion price of $1.25 per share. The Series D Warrants have a per share exercise price equal to $2.50 and are callable by us if our common stock trades at a price greater than or equal to $3.50 for a specified period of time. Upon the affirmative vote of our stockholders and in accordance with the rules of the NYSE Amex, the Series D Warrants became exercisable for five years.

As part of the July 2009 amendment to the Merger Agreement, we, CBH, CBC and RimAsia entered into a Funding Agreement pursuant to which it was agreed that RimAsia would supply additional funding to both us and CBH in an amount up to $1.6 million, which amount would be deemed settled upon the receipt of the increased amount of our securities by RimAsia as part of the Merger consideration. As of September 30, 2009 these advances totaled approximately $1,044,209 for NeoStem and CBH recognized $397,276 related to these expenses. At October 30, 2009 the total expenses advanced by RimAsia on behalf of NeoStem totaled $1,085,088 and $875,363 for CBH exceeding the $1,600,000 limit established by the Funding Agreement by $360,351. This excess amount was settled from CBH’s portion of funds recovered from certain litigation, which totaled $550,000. The remaining $189,649 was paid to NeoStem on November 13, 2009.

In July of 2009, in order to facilitate working capital requirements in China, NeoStem (China) issued a promissory note to China Xingye Bank in the amount of RMB 1,000,000, or $146,700. The note is due on January 1, 2010 and bears an interest rate of 4.86%. The loan is collateralized by cash in a restricted bank account totaling 1,229,000 RMB, or approximately $180,300.

Liquidity and Capital Requirements Outlook

With our acquisition of a controlling interest in Erye and expansion into China, we have transitioned from being a one-dimensional U.S. service provider with nominal revenues to being a multi-dimensional international biopharmaceutical company with current revenues and operations in three distinct business units — U.S. adult stem cells, China adult stem cells and China pharmaceuticals. The following is an overview of our collective liquidity and capital requirements.

Erye is constructing a new pharmaceutical manufacturing facility. Presently all of the buildings in the manufacturing area have been completed, and the equipment has been delivered and is in the process of being assembled. It is expected that the new facility will be fully operational when the relocation, which will begin in the second quarter or 2010, is completed in 2011. The new facility is estimated to cost approximately $30 million, of which approximately $16 million has been paid for through September 30, 2009. To date, construction has been self-funded by Erye and EET, the holder of the minority joint venture interest in Erye. The remaining $14 million is expected to be funded from a combination of proceeds from this offering, an Erye line of credit and the reinvestment of certain dividends by Erye’s shareholders. We have agreed for a period of three years to reinvest in Erye approximately 90% of the net earnings we would be entitled to receive under the Joint Venture Agreement by reason of our 51% interest in Erye. Additionally, it is anticipated that we will loan to Erye $5 million of the proceeds of this offering to augment Erye’s other sources of funding.

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We are also engaged in other initiatives to expand our operations into China including with respect to technology licensing, establishment of stem cell processing and storage capabilities and research and clinical development. In June 2009 we established NeoStem (China) as our wholly foreign-owned subsidiary. To comply with PRC’s foreign investment regulations regarding stem cell research and development, clinical trials and related activities, we conduct our current stem cell business in the PRC through two domestic variable interest entities. We have incurred and expect to continue to incur substantial expenses in connection with our China activities. Neither Erye nor our other expansion activities into China are expected to generate sufficient excess cash flow to support our platform business or our initiatives in China in the near term.

In October 2008, we were advised that we would receive Federal funding from the Department of Defense to evaluate the potential use of adult stem cell therapy for wound healing. Our budget for the project must not exceed $681,000 and the funds must be distributed to us by October 2010. No funds have been received to date.

We believe that we will need to raise additional capital to fund the development of advanced stem cell technologies and therapies in the U.S. and China, including the VSEL^TM technology licensed from the University of Louisville and other regenerative technologies. In the U.S., we currently intend to fund our operating activities through additional financings and, ultimately, the growth of our revenue generating activities in China. In addition, we will seek grants for scientific and clinical studies from the National Institutes of Health and other governmental agencies, but there can be no assurance that we will be successful in obtaining such grants. Our history of losses and liquidity problems may make it difficult to raise additional funds. There can be no assurance that we will be successful in obtaining additional funding on terms acceptable to us or otherwise. Any equity financing may be dilutive to stockholders and debt financing, if available, may involve significant restrictive covenants.

CBH — Critical Accounting Policies

We have identified the policies below as critical to understanding of CBH’s financial statements. The application of these polices requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the valuation of assets and expenses during the reporting period. There can be no assurance that actual results will not differ from these estimates. The impact and any associated risks related to these policies on CBH’s business operations are discussed below.

Revenue and Revenue Recognition.  CBH recognizes revenue from product sales when title has passed, the risks and rewards of ownership have been transferred to the customer, the fee is fixed and determinable, and the collection of the related receivable is probable, which is generally at the time of shipment. Allowances are established for estimated rebates, wholesaler charge backs, prompt pay sales discounts, product returns, and bad debts.

Accounts Receivable.  Accounts receivable are carried at the original invoice amount less an estimate made for doubtful receivables based on a review of all outstanding amounts on a monthly basis. Management’s judgments and estimates are reflected in the allowance for doubtful accounts. Specifically, CBH analyzes the aging of accounts receivable balances, historical bad debts, customer concentrations, customer credit-worthiness, current economic trends and changes in its customer’s payment terms. Significant changes in customer concentration or payment terms, deterioration of customer credit-worthiness or weakening in economic trends could have a significant impact on the collectability of receivables and CBH’s operating results. If the financial condition of CBH’s customers were to deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payments, additional allowances may be required.

As each subsidiary of CBH conducts business with different customers with different size and creditworthiness, and each subsidiary has a different impact on and different relationship with their customers. CBH determines the allowance on an individual basis. Basically, CBH assigns various rates to each of the aging group of accounts receivable and adds the products for the respective aging group to the total allowance for doubtful accounts. Different subsidiaries may have different rates for the same aging category. In addition, CBH also considers the changes in the specific financial condition of their customers and, if the situation or events indicate that some accounts may pose unusual risk compared to others, additional allowance may be provided for those accounts.

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Income Tax.  Income taxes are determined by the liability method whereby deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected tax consequences of temporary differences between the tax basis and reported amounts of assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are computed using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the periods in which temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities from a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. CBH provides a valuation allowance for certain deferred tax assets, if it is more likely than not that CBH will not realize tax assets through future operations.

In addition CBH accounts for any uncertainty in income taxes where a tax position is recognized as a benefit only if it is “more likely than not” that the tax position would be sustained in a tax examination, with a tax examination being presumed to occur. The amount recognized is the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized on examination. For tax positions not meeting the “more likely than not” test, no tax benefit is recorded. The adoption had no effect on CBH’s financial statements.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments.  Effective January 1, 2008, CBH adopted the accounting standard regarding fair value of financial instruments and related fair value measurements. This accounting standard establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosures of fair value measurement and enhances disclosure requirements for fair value measures. The carrying amounts reported in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets for receivables, payables and short-term loans qualify as financial instruments and are a reasonable estimate of fair value because of the short period of time between the origination of such instruments, their expected realization and, if applicable, the stated rate of interest is equivalent to rates currently available. The three levels of valuation hierarchy are defined as follows:

Effective January 1, 2009, CBH adopted the accounting standard regarding instruments that are indexed to an entity’s own stock. This accounting standard specifies that a contract that would otherwise meet the definition of a derivative but is both (a) indexed to CBH’s own stock and (b) classified in stockholders’ equity in the statement of financial position would not be considered a derivative financial instrument. It provides a new two-step model to be applied in determining whether a financial instrument or an embedded feature is indexed to an issuer’s own stock and thus able to qualify for the scope exception within the standards.

As a result, after January of 2009, 20,370,298 of CBH’s issued and outstanding warrants previously treated as equity pursuant to the derivative treatment exemption were no longer afforded equity treatment because the strike price of the warrants is denominated in US dollar, a currency other than CBH’s functional currency, the Chinese Renminbi. As a result, since the warrants were no longer considered indexed to CBH’s own stock, all future changes in the fair value of these warrants will be recognized currently in earnings until such time as the warrants are exercised or expired.

Non-Controlling Interests.  Effective January 1, 2009, CBH adopted an accounting standard regarding non-controlling interest in consolidated financial statements. Certain provisions of this accounting standard are required to be adopted retrospectively for all periods presented. Such provisions include a requirement that the carrying value of non-controlling interests (previously referred to as minority interests) be removed from the mezzanine section of the balance sheet and reclassified as equity. Further, as a result of adoption this accounting standard, net income attributable to non-controlling interests is now excluded from the determination of consolidated net income. In addition, the foreign currency translation adjustment is allocated between controlling and non-controlling interests.

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CBH — Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In January 2009, the FASB issued an accounting standard which amended the impairment model by removing its exclusive reliance on “market participant” estimates of future cash flows used in determining fair value. Changing the cash flows used to analyze other-than-temporary impairment from the “market participant” view to a holder’s estimate of whether there has been a “probable” adverse change in estimated cash flows allows companies to apply reasonable judgment in assessing whether an other-than-temporary impairment has occurred. The adoption of this accounting standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements because all of the investments in debt securities are classified as trading securities.

In April 2009, the FASB issued an accounting standard that makes the other-than-temporary impairments guidance more operational and improves the presentation of other-than-temporary impairments in the financial statements. This standard replaced the existing requirement that the entity’s management assert it has both the intent and ability to hold an impaired debt security until recovery with a requirement that management assert it does not have the intent to sell the security, and it is more likely than not it will not have to sell the security before recovery of its cost basis. This standard provides increased disclosure about the credit and noncredit components of impaired debt securities that are not expected to be sold and also requires increased and more frequent disclosures regarding expected cash flows, credit losses, and an aging of securities with unrealized losses. Although this standard does not result in a change in the carrying amount of debt securities, it does require that the portion of an other-than-temporary impairment not related to a credit loss for a held-to-maturity security be recognized in a new category of other comprehensive income and be amortized over the remaining life of the debt security as an increase in the carrying value of the security. The Company adopted this accounting standard, but it did not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In April 2009, the FASB issued an accounting standard that requires disclosures about fair value of financial instruments not measured on the balance sheet at fair value in interim financial statements as well as in annual financial statements. Prior to this accounting standard, fair values for these assets and liabilities were only disclosed annually. This standard applies to all financial instruments within its scope and requires all entities to disclose the method(s) and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value of financial instruments. This standard does not require disclosures for earlier periods presented for comparative purposes at initial adoption, but in periods after the initial adoption, this standard requires comparative disclosures only for periods ending after initial adoption. The Company adopted this accounting standard, but it did not have a material impact on the disclosures related to its consolidated financial statements.

In June 2009, the FASB issued an accounting standard amending the accounting and disclosure requirements for transfers of financial assets. This accounting standard requires greater transparency and additional disclosures for transfers of financial assets and the entity’s continuing involvement with them and changes the requirements for derecognizing financial assets. In addition, it eliminates the concept of a qualifying special-purpose entity (“QSPE”). This accounting standard is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2009, and the Company does not expect this standard to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.

In June 2009, the FASB also issued an accounting standard amending the accounting and disclosure requirements for the consolidation of variable interest entities (“VIEs”). The elimination of the concept of a QSPE, as discussed above, removes the exception from applying the consolidation guidance within this accounting standard. Further, this accounting standard requires a company to perform a qualitative analysis when determining whether or not it must consolidate a VIE. It also requires a company to continuously reassess whether it must consolidate a VIE. Additionally, it requires enhanced disclosures about a company’s involvement with VIEs and any significant change in risk exposure due to that involvement, as well as how its involvement with VIEs impacts the company’s financial statements. Finally, a company will be required to disclose significant judgments and assumptions used to determine whether or not to consolidate a VIE. This accounting standard is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2009, and the Company does not expect this standard to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.

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In August 2009, the FASB issued an Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) regarding measuring liabilities at fair value. This ASU provides additional guidance clarifying the measurement of liabilities at fair value in circumstances in which a quoted price in an active market for the identical liability is not available; under those circumstances, a reporting entity is required to measure fair value using one or more of valuation techniques, as defined. This ASU is effective for the first reporting period, including interim periods, beginning after the issuance of this ASU. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements.

In October 2009, the FASB issued an ASU regarding accounting for own-share lending arrangements in contemplation of convertible debt issuance or other financing. This ASU requires that at the date of issuance of the shares in a share-lending arrangement entered into in contemplation of a convertible debt offering or other financing, the shares issued shall be measured at fair value and be recognized as an issuance cost, with an offset to additional paid-in capital. Further, loaned shares are excluded from basic and diluted earnings per share unless default of the share-lending arrangement occurs, at which time the loaned shares would be included in the basic and diluted earnings-per-share calculation. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning on or after December 15, 2009, and interim periods within those fiscal years for arrangements outstanding as of the beginning of those fiscal years. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements.

CBH — Results of Operations

Three Months and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2009 Compared to Three Months and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008

Revenue

For the three months ended September 30, 2009, total revenues were $17,051,816 compared to $12,512,711 for the comparable period ended September 30, 2008, representing an increase of approximately 36.3%. The increase was principally attributable to an increase in sales of prescription drugs, which increased 34.8% compared to the corresponding prior year period. This increase, in part, is the result of China’s commitment to improve healthcare in rural areas through its New Rural and Urban Cooperative Medical Insurance System and the implementation of the government’s provincial electronic system for purchasing prescription drugs from manufacturers.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2009, revenue was $45,042,881 compared to $36,767,712 for the comparable period ended September 30, 2008, representing an increase of approximately 22.5%. The increase was primarily attributable to the increase in sales of prescription drugs, which increased 33.9% compared with the corresponding prior year period. This increase, in part, was the result of China’s commitment to improve healthcare in rural areas through its New Rural and Urban Cooperative Medical Insurance System and the implementation of the government’s provincial electronic system for purchasing prescription drugs from manufacturers.

Cost of Goods Sold

For the three months ended September 30, 2009, cost of goods sold were $11,129,366 compared to $8,596,513 for the comparable period ended September 30, 2008. Cost of goods sold as a percentage of sales revenues was approximately 65.3% for the three months ended September 30, 2009 compared to approximately 68.7% for the corresponding prior year period. The reduction in cost of goods sold as a percent of sales was primarily the result of economies of scale associated with increasing sales volume.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2009, cost of goods sold was $29,760,088 compared to $25,522,533 for the comparable period ended September 30, 2008. Cost of goods sold as a percentage of sales revenues was approximately 66.1% for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 compared to approximately 69.4% for the corresponding prior year period. The reduction in cost of goods sold as percent of sales was primarily the result of economies of scale associated with increasing sales volume.

Gross Profit

For the three months ended September 30, 2009, gross profit was $5,922,450 as compared to $3,916,198 for the comparable period ended September 30, 2008, representing an increase of approximately 51.2%. The gross profit margin for the three months ended September 30, 2009 was approximately 34.7% compared to

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approximately 31.3% for the corresponding prior year period. The increase in the gross profit margin can be attributed primarily to Erye’s focus on sales of products with higher gross profit margins and economies of scale from higher sales volumes.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2009, gross profit was $15,282,793, compared to $11,245,179 for the comparable period ended September 30, 2008, representing an increase of approximately 35.9%. For the nine months ended September 30, 2009, the gross profit margin was approximately 33.9% compared to approximately 30.6% for the corresponding prior year period. The increase in the gross profit margin can be attributed primarily to Erye’s focus on sales of products with higher gross profit margins and economies of scale from higher sales volumes.

Operating Expenses

For the three months ended September 30, 2009, operating expenses were $1,408,707 compared to $1,206,976 for the comparable period ended September 30, 2008, representing an increase of approximately 16.7%. As a percentage of revenue, however, operating expenses decreased compared to the corresponding prior year period, primarily due to a reorganization of Erye’s sales team and efficiencies realized from use of the provincial electronic system for purchasing prescription drugs from manufacturers.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2009, operating expenses were $4,238,743 compared to $3,704,172 for the comparable period ended September 30, 2008, representing an increase of approximately 14.4%. As a percentage of revenue, however, operating expenses decreased compared to the corresponding prior year period, primarily due to a reorganization of Erye’s sales team and efficiencies realized from use of the provincial electronic system for purchasing prescription drugs from manufacturers.

Research and Development

For the three months ended September 30, 2009, research and development costs were $76,035 compared to $30,620 for the comparable period ended September 30, 2008.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2009, research and development costs were $312,098, compared to $279,909 for the comparable period ended September 30, 2008.

Income from Operations

For the three months ended September 30, 2009, income from operations was $4,513,743 compared to $2,709,222 for the comparable period ended September 30, 2008, representing an increase of approximately 66.6%. The increase was primarily attributable to Erye’s increased sales volume and improved gross margin.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2009, income from operations was $11,044,050 compared to $7,541,007 for the comparable period ended September 30, 2008, representing an increase of approximately 46.5%. The increase was primarily attributable to Erye’s increased sales volume and improved gross margin.

Other Income (Expense)

For the three months ended September 30, 2009, other expense was $53,931, compared to other income of $89,808 for the comparable period ended September 30, 2008, representing a reduction in other income of $143,739. The primary reason for the reduction was the loss recognized due to a change in the fair value of the warrants for the three months ended September 30, 2009.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2009, other expense was $992,909 compared to $6,959 for the comparable period ended September 30, 2008, representing an increase in other expense of $985,950. The increase was primarily attributable to the $1,005,774 loss recognized due to a change in the fair value of warrants for the nine months ended September 30, 2009.

Provision for Income Tax

For the three months ended September 30, 2009, provision for income tax was $554,133 compared to $377,583 for the comparable period ended September 30, 2008, representing an increase of approximately 46.7%. The increase was primarily due to Erye’s increased operating income.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2009, provision for income tax was $1,416,393 compared to $1,008,196 for the ended September 30, 2008, representing an increase of approximately 40.5%. The increase was primarily due to Erye’s increased operating income.

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Loss on Discontinued Operations

Effective July 11, 2009, CBH discontinued operations of CBC, which was placed in a trust for the benefit of the CBH stockholders, and Keyuan Pharmaceutical R&D Co., Ltd. which was written off. The results of the discontinued operations related to these two subsidiaries have been reclassified on the Statement of Operations as losses from discontinued operations.

For the three months ended September 30, 2009, loss from discontinued operations was $35,381 compared to $78,342 for the comparable period ended September 30, 2008, representing the operating results of Keyuan and CBC for such periods. For the nine months ended September 30, 2009, loss from discontinued operations was $77,022 compared to $87,369 for the comparable period ended September 30, 2008, representing the operating results of Keyuan and CBC for such periods.

For the three months ended September 30, 2009, loss from disposal of discontinued operation was $417,150 compared to $0 for the comparable period ended September 30, 2008, due to the discontinuation of Keyuan and spin-off of CBC in the three months ended September 30, 2009. For the nine months ended September 30, 2009, loss from disposal of discontinued operations was $417,150 compared to $0 for the comparable period ended September 30, 2008, due to the discontinuation of Keyuan and spin-off of CBC in the nine months ended September 30, 2009.

Net Income Available to Common Stock Stockholders

For the three months ended September 30, 2009, net income available to common stock stockholders was $1,455,745, compared to $838,327 for the comparable period ended September 30, 2008, representing an increase of approximately 73.6%. The increase was primarily attributable to increased sales volume and improved gross profit margin for the period.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2009, net income available to common stock stockholders was $3,298,833 compared to $2,141,956 for the ended September 30, 2008, representing an increase of approximately 54.0%. The increase was primarily attributable to increased sales volume and improved gross profit margin for the period.

Year Ended December 31, 2008 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2007

Revenue

For the year ended on December 31, 2008, revenue was $49,725,838, compared to $31,881,293 for the year ended December 31, 2007, representing an increase of approximately 56.0%. The increase was primarily attributable to the increased revenues of Erye. Sales of Erye’s intermediary pharmaceutical products in 2008, compared to 2007, increased 47.2%. Erye’s prescription drug sales in 2008 compared to 2007, increased by 60.6%. This increase, in part, reflected China’s commitment to improve healthcare in rural areas through its New Rural and Urban Cooperative Medical Insurance System.

Cost of Goods Sold

For the year ended December 31, 2008, cost of goods sold increased by approximately 45.8% compared to the year ended December 31, 2007. The increase was primarily attributable to the increase of Erye’s sales for the year 2008. For the year ended December 31, 2008, cost of goods sold as a percentage of revenues was approximately 69.3% compared to approximately 74.1% for the year ended December 31, 2007, representing a decrease of approximately 6.5%. The reduction in cost of goods sold as a percent of revenues is primarily the result of economies of scale associated with increasing sales volume.

Gross Profit

Gross profit was $15,264,892 for the year ended December 31, 2008, compared to $8,247,646 for the year ended December 31, 2007, representing an increase of approximately 85.1%. The gross profit margin for the year ended December 31, 2008 was approximately 30.7% compared to approximately 25.9% for the corresponding prior year period. The increase in the gross profit margin can be attributed primarily to Erye’s focus on sales of products with higher gross profit margins and economies of scale from higher sales volumes.

Operating Expenses

Although sales increased significantly for the year ended December 31, 2008, operating expenses remained comparable to those for 2007. The operating expenses of CBH decreased by approximately

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$599,000, compared to the prior year period. During 2008, CBH reduced its attorney fees, audit fees, public relation expenses and service fees to its transfer agent in an effort to reduce operating expenses and CBH moved its headquarters into the facilities of Erye, which reduced rent expense. These cost savings were partially offset by an increase in bad debt expense.

Bad debt expense for the year ended December 31, 2008 was $1,944,300, compared to $1,605,431 for the year ended December 31, 2007, or an increase of $338,869. The increase can be attributed primarily to a write-off of certain aged receivables in 2008 that were determined to be no longer collectable.

Research and Development

For the year ended December 31, 2008, research and development costs were $360,056, compared to $264,339 for the year ended December 31, 2007, representing an increase of approximately 36.2%.

Income from Operations

For the year ended December 31, 2008, income from continuing operations was $8,710,040, compared to $1,528,433 for the year ended December 31, 2007, representing an increase of approximately 469.9%. The increase was primarily attributable to Erye’s increased sales volume and improved gross margin.

Other Income (Expense)

For the year ended December 31, 2008, other income was $114,793, compared to other expense of $1,623,628 for the year ended December 31, 2007, representing an increase in other income of approximately $1,738,421. The increase in other income was primarily attributable to a reduction of interest expense in the amount of $1,008,534 for the loan from RimAsia, resulting from the conversion of the loan to redeemable convertible preferred stock on November 16, 2007. The balance of the increase is attributable to a reduction of other expenses.

Provision for Income Tax

Erye’s effective income tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2008 was 12.5% as a result of tax benefits afforded by the Enterprise Income Tax Law of China. The benefits are expected to continue through December 31, 2010, after which the rate is expected to increase to 25%. Erye was exempt from income tax for the year ended December 31, 2007. CBH’s income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2008, was $1,408,532, compared to $0 for the year ended December 31, 2007.

Loss on Discontinued Operations

CBH acquired Shenyang Enshi Pharmaceutical Limited Company (“Enshi) on June 6, 2006. After the acquisition of Enshi, CBH identified what appeared to be possible major breaches and fraud by the previous owner and controlling shareholders of Enshi, Mr. Li Xiaobo and his related parties (“Defendants”) in the representations and warranties provided by him to CBH and the Defendants’ refusal to honor their indemnification obligations to CBH. CBH’s former subsidiary RACP filed a lawsuit against the Defendants alleging fraud and pursuing rescission and damages (the “LXB Litigation”). Enshi was taken over by RimAsia in July of 2007 and as a result, no longer remained a subsidiary of CBH. CBH’s management decided to write off the total carrying value of Enshi in the third quarter of 2007 and reported it as discontinued operations in the consolidated financial statements. Accordingly, assets, liabilities and operating results that were attributed to Enshi are presented as discontinued operations. Under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 144 (“SFAS 144”), when a component of an entity, as defined in SFAS 144, has been disposed of or is classified as held for sale, the results of its operations, including the gain or loss on its disposal should be classified as discontinued operations and the assets and liabilities of such component should be classified as assets and liabilities attributed to discontinued operations; provided that the operations, assets and liabilities and cash flows of the component have been eliminated from CBH’s consolidated operations and CBH will no longer have any significant continuing involvement in the operations of the component. Therefore, the results of Enshi’s operations and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2007 were reported as discontinued operations in CBH’s consolidated financial statements.

Effective July 11, 2009, CBH discontinued operations of CBC, which was placed in a trust for the benefit of the CBH stockholders, and Keyuan Pharmaceutical R&D Co., Ltd. which was written off. The results of operations related to these two subsidiaries have been reclassified on the Statement of Operations as losses from discontinued operations.

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For the twelve months ended December 31, 2008, loss from discontinued operations was $600,512 compared to $11,910,425 for the prior year period. The loss for the year ended December 31, 2008 represented the operating results of Keyuan and CBC. The loss for the year ended December 31, 2007 represented the operating results of Keyuan, CBC and Enshi.

For the twelve months ended December 31, 2008, loss from disposal of discontinued operations was $0 compared to $22,074 for the prior year period. The loss for the year ended December 31, 2007 represented the disposal of Enshi.

Dividend and Accretion of Redeemable Preferred Stock

As a result of the conversion of the loan from RimAsia to Series B Redeemable Preferred Stock, CBH accrued dividends and accretion in the amount of $1,033,239 for the year ended December 31, 2008, including $574,022 in unpaid dividends, and a $459,217 premium.

Net Income (Loss) Available to Common Stock Stockholders

For the year ended December 31, 2008, net income was $1,793,778 compared to a net loss of $13,546,987 for the year ended December 31, 2007. This increase in net income is primarily attributable to Erye’s operating results and a reduction in the loss of discontinued operations.

CBH — Liquidity and Capital Resources

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2009

As of September 30, 2009, total current assets were $25,452,069 and total current liabilities were $21,402,824. Cash and cash equivalents on September 30, 2009 were $2,847,192, representing an increase of $2,376,520, as compared with $470,672 on December 31, 2008.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2009, net cash provided by continuing operating activities was $13,887,596. Cash provided by operating activities was primarily attributable to Erye’s operations. Income from continuing operations contributed $8,634,748 to net cash. In addition, cash from continuing operations also increased as a result of an increased level of notes payables and accounts payable totaling $6,566,851; improved collections of receivables totaling $498,003; and fixed noncash charges included in results of operations totaling $1,586,834. Net cash provided by continuing operations was used to support increased inventory levels for Erye, which increased $2,832,755, in order to support higher levels of sales. Changes in other asset and liabilities required $566,085 in cash.

Net cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 was $6,086,702. This was primarily due to construction of Erye’s new production facility and related purchases of equipment, which required $7,344,624 in cash, and repayment by CBH of certain loans totaling $2,741,233. Cash to fund these activities was provided, in part, by the withdrawal of $4,414,048 from the short-term investment account of Erye.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2009, net cash used in financing activities was $5,452,046, which was primarily attributable to Erye’s repayment of $2,492,030 short-term bank loans and additional deposits of $2,560,294 in bank accounts as collateral for the notes payable issued.

Year Ended December 31, 2008

As of December 31, 2008, total current assets were $18,440,831 and total current liabilities were $18,508,221. Cash and cash equivalents for the year ended December 31, 2008 were $470,672, representing a decrease of $163,517 from the $634,189 reported on December 31, 2007.

For the year ended December 31, 2008, net cash provided by continuing operating activities was $9,796,596, net cash used in investing activities was $12,187,903, and net cash provided by financing activities was $2,147,524. Cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2008 was primarily attributable to the purchase of land use rights and property, plant and equipment in connection with Erye’s new facilities which totaled $7,640,393, an increase in short-term investments of $3,202,407 and an increase in receivables due from related parties of $1,055,564. Cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2008 is primarily attributable to the issuance of notes payable.

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On November 19, 2007, CBH entered into an agreement with RimAsia as a follow-up to letters of intent signed on July 14, 2007 and August 2, 2007, under which the principal amount of the $11.5 million loan owed to RimAsia in connection with the acquisition of Enshi plus unpaid interest of $1,008,534 or a total of $12,508,534 was converted in full into 6,185,607 shares of senior redeemable convertible preferred shares of CBH based on a conversion price of $2.0222 per preferred share.

Relocation of Erye’s Production Facilities

Erye is in the process of constructing and relocating to a new production facility. Erye commenced construction of its new facility in 2007. To date, all of the buildings in the manufacturing area have been completed and the equipment has been delivered and is in the process of being assembled. It is expected that parts of the new facility will be operational in the second quarter of 2010, and that the relocation will be completed in 2011. The new Erye production facility is estimated to cost approximately $30 million, of which approximately $16 million has been paid for through September 30, 2009. The remaining $14 million is expected to be funded from a combination of proceeds from this offering, an Erye line of credit and the reinvestment of certain dividends by Erye’s shareholders. We have agreed for a period of three years to reinvest in Erye approximately 90% of the net earnings we would be entitled to receive under the Joint Venture Agreement by reason of our 51% interest in Erye.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.

Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

There are not and have not been any disagreements between us and our accountants on any matter of accounting principles, practices or financial statement disclosure during our two most recent fiscal years and subsequent interim period.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Effect of Fluctuation in Foreign Exchange Rates

Both our business in China and Erye use Chinese Renminbi as the functional currency. The value of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar and other currencies may fluctuate and be affected by, among other things, changes in China’s political and economic conditions. As we rely principally on revenues earned in China, any significant revaluation of the Renminbi may materially and adversely affect our cash flows, revenues and financial condition. For example, to the extent that we need to convert U.S. dollars we receive from an offering of our securities into Renminbi for our operations, appreciation of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Conversely, if we decide to convert our Renminbi into U.S. dollars for the purpose of making payments for dividends on our common shares or for other business purposes and the U.S. dollar appreciates against the Renminbi, the U.S. dollar equivalent of the Renminbi we convert would be reduced. To date, however, we have not engaged in transactions of either type.

Interest Rate Risk

We do not believe that our operations have been materially influenced by changes in interest rates, a situation which is expected to continue for the foreseeable future.

Credit Risk

We do not believe that our operations are subject to any material credit risk, a situation which is expected to continue for the foreseeable future.

Inflation Risk

We do not believe that our operations have been materially influenced by inflation, a situation which is expected to continue for the foreseeable future.

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BUSINESS

Overview

NeoStem, Inc. was incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware in September 1980 under the name Fidelity Medical Services, Inc. and commenced operations in our current line of business in January 2006.

In 2009, through our expansion efforts within China and with the acquisition of a controlling interest in Suzhou Erye Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., or Erye, we transitioned into a multi-dimensional international biopharmaceutical company with product and service revenues, global research and development capabilities and operations in three distinct business units: (i) U.S. adult stem cells, (ii) China adult stem cells, and (iii) China pharmaceuticals, primarily including antibiotics. These business units are expected to provide platforms for the accelerated development and commercialization of innovative technologies and products in both the U.S. and China.

In the U.S. we are a leading provider of adult stem cell collection, processing and storage services enabling healthy individuals to donate and store their stem cells for personal therapeutic use. Similar to the banking of cord blood, pre-donating cells at a younger age helps to ensure a supply of one’s own stem cells should they be needed for future medical treatment. Our current network of U.S. adult stem cell collection centers is focused primarily on the Southern California and Northeast markets. Our goal is to expand our coverage to ten centers by the end of 2010. In addition to our services, we are conducting research and development activities on our own and through collaborations in pursuit of diagnostic and therapeutic applications using adult stem cells, including applications using our VSEL^TM technology, with regard to very small embryonic-like stem cells, which we license from the University of Louisville.

In 2009, we began several China-based, adult stem cell initiatives including: (i) creating a separate China-based stem cell operation, (ii) constructing a stem cell research and development laboratory and processing facility in Beijing, (iii) establishing relationships with hospitals to provide stem cell-based therapies, and (iv) obtaining product licenses covering several adult stem cell therapeutics focused on regenerative medicine. In 2010, we expect to begin offering stem cell banking services and certain stem cell therapies to patients in China, as well as to foreigners traveling to China seeking medical treatments that are either unavailable or cost prohibitive in their home countries.

The cornerstone of our China pharmaceuticals business is the 51% ownership interest we acquired in Erye in October 2009. Erye was founded more than 50 years ago and represents an established, vertically-integrated pharmaceutical business. Historically, Erye has concentrated its efforts on the manufacturing and distribution of generic antibiotic products and has received more than 160 production certificates from the State Food and Drug Administration of China, or SFDA, covering both antibiotic prescription drugs and active pharmaceutical intermediates. Erye’s revenue for 2009 was in excess of $60 million on an unaudited basis.

Our three business units are expected to provide platforms for accelerated development and commercialization of innovative technologies and products in both the U.S. and China.

Adult Stem Cell Business in the U.S.

Stem cells are very primitive and undifferentiated cells that have the unique ability to transform into many different cells, such as white blood cells, nerve cells or heart muscle cells. We only work with adult (and not embryonic) stem cells. Adult stem cells are found in the bone marrow, in peripheral blood and in umbilical cord blood. For over 40 years physicians have been using adult stem cells to treat various blood cancers, but only recently has the promise of using adult stem cells to treat a myriad of other diseases begun to be realized.

Within the adult stem cell classification, the use of cells is either autologous, meaning donor and patient are the same, or allogeneic, meaning donor and patient are different. The use of allogeneic stem cells requires the identification of a matching donor, which can result in added costs, critical time delays or may never occur. Even if a matching donor is identified, the use of allogeneic stem cells introduces the risk of “graft vs. host disease” requiring immunosuppression drugs for extended periods following transplantation. Accordingly, our current stem cell programs are based exclusively on adult stem cells for autologous use as we believe that adult stem cells hold the greatest promise for therapeutic innovation..

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We are developing our business in the adult stem cell field to capitalize on the increasing importance that adult stem cells may have in regenerative medicine, with an initial focus on the delivery of therapies for cardiac, orthopedic, wound, cosmetic and dermatologic indications.

Collection, Processing and Storage Services

We are a leading provider of adult stem cell collection, processing and storage services in the U.S., enabling healthy individuals to donate and store their stem cells for personal therapeutic use. Similar to the banking of cord blood, pre-donating cells at a younger age helps to ensure a supply of autologous stem cells should they be needed for future medical treatment. Our current network of U.S. adult stem cell collection centers is primarily focused on the Southern California and Northeast markets. Our goal is to expand our coverage to ten markets by the end of 2010. Commercial stem cell processing and storage services are provided to us nationally, on an exclusive basis, by Progenitor Cell Therapy LLC, or PCT, utilizing current good manufacturing practices, or cGMP, standards.

Our process for collecting adult stem cells for autologous use involves the administration of a mobilizing agent prior to collection, allowing the migration of stem cells from bone marrow to peripheral blood. Once the stem cells have reached the bloodstream, an individual goes through a safe and minimally-invasive procedure called “apheresis,” similar to donating platelets, at one of the collection centers in our network. Then, the stem cells are processed and stored under cGMP standards. Our proprietary process does not change or alter the underlying cells and does not require expansion technology.

We believe that individuals will view the ability to pre-donate and store autologous adult stem cells for future personal therapeutic use as a valuable part of a “bio-insurance” program. The benefits of pre-donation include: having a known supply of autologous stem cells rather than an uncertain supply of compatible allogeneic stem cells; autologous stem cells may be compromised once a patient becomes sick; and the quantity and quality of stem cells generally diminish with age. This perceived value of pre-donation should increase as additional indications for stem cell-based therapies are developed.

We have initiated a marketing and sales campaign, individually and through collaborations, for the purpose of educating physicians and potential clients on the benefits of adult stem cell collection and storage. Our strategy is to work with our established collection centers to market in their communities and to build new alliances and partnerships. Utilizing our new laboratory facility in Cambridge, MA, which also will have an adult stem cell collection center, we continue to build awareness with Boston-area academic institutions that are researching and treating with adult stem cells.

Our stem cell banking services generate revenue from a combination of fees paid upfront and over time, by both collection centers and individual clients. We plan to grow the client base at each of our centers, and add new centers in other strategic metropolitan areas. Additional initiatives to drive private sector revenue growth include:

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While many individuals could potentially benefit from having a supply of their stem cells available for personal therapeutic use, our initial targeted customer niches include:

To further drive our stem cell initiatives, we will continue targeting key governmental agencies, congressional committees and not-for-profit organizations to contribute funds for our research and development programs. In October 2008, we were advised that we would receive federal funding from the Department of Defense to evaluate the potential use of adult stem cell-based therapy for wound healing, currently anticipated to be in the approximate net amount of $681,000, and in September 2009, we were notified of an award of a Grand Opportunities grant in the amount of $108,746 from the National Institutes of Health.

VSEL^TM Technology and Other Therapeutic Technologies

We are engaged in research and development of new therapies based on very small embryonic-like stem cells, or the VSEL^TM technology, with the University of Louisville Research Foundation, or ULRF and have a worldwide exclusive license to the VSEL^TM technology. Research by a group headed by Dr. Mariusz Ratajczak, M.D., Ph.D., who is the head of the Stem Cell Biology Program at the James Graham Brown Cancer Center at the University of Louisville and co-inventor of the VSEL^TM technology, and others, provides compelling evidence that bone marrow contains a heterogeneous population of stem cells that have properties similar to those of an embryonic stem cell. These cells are referred to as very small embryonic-like stem cells. This finding opens the possibility of achieving the positive benefits associated with embryonic stem cells without the ethical or moral dilemmas or certain of the potential negative effects associated with embryonic stem cells. Of even greater potential is the ability to obtain these stem cells for autologous use.

We have a sponsored research agreement, or an SRA, with ULRF, pursuant to which we agree to support further research in the laboratory of Dr. Ratajczak. In return for supporting additional research relating to the VSEL^TM technology to be carried out in the laboratory of Dr. Ratajczak as principal investigator, we will receive the exclusive first option to negotiate a license covering the research results.

Recent studies conducted by us in collaboration with the University of Louisville have confirmed that significant quantities of very small embryonic-like stem cells can be obtained from the peripheral blood of humans following stimulation with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, commonly known as Neupogen^TM. Dr. Ratajczak’s group at the University of Louisville has published preliminary work that would indicate that these stem cells have a role in cardiac regeneration and may help identify those at risk for cardiovascular disease. In addition, very small embryonic-like stem cells have been shown to increase in numbers in the peripheral circulation following acute myocardial infarction and other stress inducing events in experimental animals and in humans. Thus, very small embryonic-like stem cells may have significant potential to repair degenerated, damaged or diseased tissue, or the three “Ds” of aging. With our existing banking network, we have the ability to collect and store very small embryonic-like stem cells from individual donors, setting the stage for their future use in personalized regenerative medicine.

In addition to the research we are funding in Dr. Ratajczak’s laboratory at the University of Louisville, we are in discussions with other researchers to generate data relating to other clinical applications of very small embryonic-like stem cells, that could include neural, cardiac, ophthalmic and bone regeneration, to expand our research efforts and maximize the value of this technology.

To facilitate our independent research and development efforts, we opened an 8,000 square foot, state-of-the-art facility at the Riverside Technology Center in Cambridge, Massachusetts, or the Cambridge Laboratory. In the near term, our efforts will focus on expanding the current VSEL^TM technology know-how and working

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with other adult stem cell technologies by performing detailed characterization, purification and expansion of stem cells. Furthermore, at the Cambridge Laboratory we are characterizing and developing various adult stem cells, including VSEL^TM technology, for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. Specifically, the use of stem cells as a diagnostic tool to understand aging has not been sufficiently explored as a means to improve current therapies and to test new therapies. To address this unmet need, we intend to create a stem cell screening panel, known as a biomarker screening panel. This antibody-based test would simultaneously quantify several important stem cell populations that are known to be circulating in peripheral blood, including very small embryonic-like stem cells. This biomarker screening panel would enable researchers to assess the relative wellness of an individual by comparing their existing stem cell profile to an age-adjusted reference of expected, or normal, stem cell levels. The Cambridge Laboratory will also support the planned development of a commercial process that we expect will facilitate the separation of very small embryonic-like stem cells from blood, enabling us to create high-throughput, cell-based assays for use in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical research.

We also are engaged in licensing new adult stem cell-based therapies that we plan to use to commercialize innovative therapeutic applications. Several recent examples include:

Adult Stem Cell Business in China

We believe that, in China, we can accelerate research, the development of stem cell-based therapies, and the creation of intellectual property positions in the stem cell field because of China’s regulatory and scientific environment and its culture, which are more readily accepting of stem cell-based therapies. Additionally, China has a large population with a rapidly growing middle and upper class who are interested in regenerative medicine and can afford such services. Accordingly, in 2009, we expanded our operations and markets to include China through the creation of a separate stem cell business unit.

Our China stem cell-based initiatives will be led by U.S. researchers and physicians in collaboration with experts in China for each clinical application to be pursued. We believe that this collaborative approach, and our expansion into China, will create commercial, financial and scientific opportunities that, ultimately, will generate increased revenues for us.

Our current stem cell-based initiatives in China include:

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Because certain PRC regulations currently restrict foreign entities from holding certain licenses and controlling certain businesses in China, we have created a wholly foreign-owned entity, or WFOE, NeoStem (China), to implement our expansion initiatives in China. Additionally, to comply with China’s foreign investment regulations with respect to stem cell-related activities, these business initiatives in China are conducted via two Chinese domestic entities, Qingdao Niao Bio-Technology Ltd., or Qingdao Niao, and Beijing Ruijieao Bio-Technology Ltd., or Beijing Ruijieao, that are controlled by the WFOE through various contractual arrangements. See “PRC Corporate Legal Structure” below.

Orthopedic Therapies

In order to advance our regenerative medicine business in China, in March 2009, we acquired an exclusive license for Asia to use an innovative process that expands a patient’s own adult stem cells to treat a variety of musculoskeletal diseases. The licensed procedure, Regenexx^TM, has been developed by a Colorado-based company, Regenerative Sciences, Inc., or RSI. The Regenexx^TM procedure uses autologous mesenchymal stem cells extracted from bone marrow for the treatment of various orthopedic conditions, including osteoarthritis, meniscus tears of the knee, avascular necrosis and bulging lumbar discs. In addition, our agreement with RSI includes consulting services to be provided by RSI to us in the area of stem cell-based orthopedic therapies for the Asia market. We believe that the integration of our peripheral blood collection process into the Regenexx^TM procedure will enhance its marketability.

To provide orthopedic-related stem cell-based services, we intend to establish a network of hospitals to offer these orthopedic treatments in China. We recently established a collaboration with Shandong Wendeng Orthopedic Hospital, or Wendeng Hospital, which will be the first of such hospitals. In June 2009, Qingdao Niao entered into a five-year cooperation agreement with Wendeng Hospital to treat patients and conduct clinical research regarding the application of autologous stem cells for the treatment of a variety of orthopedic conditions. Wendeng Hospital is considered to be one of the leading speciality orthopedic hospitals in China, with close to 90% of its inpatient capacity dedicated to orthopedic cases. Physician and laboratory personnel have completed training at RSI and operations are scheduled to begin at Wengdeng Hospital in the first quarter of 2010.

Wellness, Cosmetic & Anti-Aging Applications

We are developing a portfolio of products and therapies, including stem cell-based therapies, health supplements and nutraceutical products, that we intend to offer for wellness, cosmetic and anti-aging applications. One of the key initial therapies is anticipated to be the autologous adult stem cell-based skin rejuvenation therapy that we in-licensed from Vincent Giampapa, M.D., in February of 2009.

The license agreement with Dr. Giampapa is intended to advance our regenerative medicine business in the U.S. and China by our acquisition of a world-wide, exclusive license to certain innovative stem cell technology and applications for cosmetic facial and body procedures and skin rejuvenation. This supplements a three-year agreement that Dr. Giampapa entered into with us in January 2009 where he agreed to provide us with consulting services in the anti-aging area. In collaboration with Dr. Giampapa, we intend to develop and launch a range of cosmetic and anti-aging applications in China.

These therapeutic applications are anticipated to be provided, initially, by Qingdao Niao, one of the VIEs, at the facilities at the Qingdao Second Sanatorium of Jinan Military Command, or the Second Sanatorium, pursuant to a three-year cooperation agreement entered into in June 2009. As both a leading comprehensive hospital within the military’s healthcare network and one of the principal healthcare centers in charge of ensuring the well-being of senior and retired military officials in China, the Second Sanatorium is a key service provider within the domestic anti-aging and cosmetics arena. We intend to offer, through the Second Sanatorium, stem cell-based therapies for a variety of medical conditions and diseases as well as anti-aging and cosmetic uses. A section of the hospital dedicated to this program is undergoing renovation, which we expect to be completed at the end of the first half of 2010, to enable such therapies to be provided.

Consulting and Royalty Agreement

In June 2009, we signed an agreement, or the Network Agreement, with Enhance BioMedical Holdings Limited, or Enhance BioMedical, a Shanghai corporation and subsidiary of Enhance Holding Corporation, a multinational conglomerate with businesses in various market sectors including healthcare. Pursuant to the

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Network Agreement, Enhance Biomedical will help us develop an adult stem cell collection and treatment network using our proprietary stem cell technologies in Shanghai and Taiwan as well as the Chinese provinces of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Anhui and Jiangxi, or the Network Territory. Enhance BioMedical has healthcare provider relationships with numerous hospitals and doctors in the Network Territory. It also operates the Anti-Aging and Prevention Medical Center in Taipei, Taiwan, with facilities focused on stem cell research and development and anti-aging therapies. As of January 15, 2010, Enhance BioMedical was the beneficial owner of approximately 19.4% of our common stock.

The Network Agreement is a ten-year, exclusive, royalty bearing agreement pursuant to which we will provide Enhance BioMedical with the training, technical, and other assistance required for it to offer stem cell-based therapies. Subject to certain terms and conditions, the Network Agreement is renewable for a subsequent ten-year term at the option of Enhance BioMedical. This agreement also gives us the option, until June 2014, to acquire up to a 20% fully diluted equity interest in Enhance BioMedical. We will receive certain milestone payments as well as be entitled to a stated royalty on Enhance BioMedical’s revenues derived from these stem cell-based therapies. Under the Network Agreement, Enhance BioMedical has the exclusive right to utilize our proprietary adult stem cell technologies identified by us to provide adult stem cell services and therapies in the Network Territory.

In the second quarter of 2010 we expect Enhance Biomedical to launch cosmetic and anti-aging therapies in Taiwan under our Network Agreement.

Medical Tourism

“Medical tourism” is defined as the process of travelling from home for treatment abroad or elsewhere domestically. A large segment of the individuals participating in medical tourism seek access to medical therapies not currently available or affordable in their home countries. The World Bank estimates that medical tourism will be a $10 billion industry by 2011. In 2007 alone, 750,000 Americans traveled outside the U.S. to obtain medical treatment, a number which is expected to increase to 6 million by 2010.

Since our inception, we have been building relationships with physicians in the U.S. and abroad who have developed advanced therapies using autologous stem cells. China, specifically, is fast emerging as a desirable destination for individuals seeking medical care in a wide range of medical specialties, including cardiology, neurology, orthopedics and others. As a result, a number of leading private and government hospitals in major Chinese cities have established medical tourism departments to provide treatment to international patients using advanced Western medical technology and techniques, including stem cell-based therapies. In addition to capitalizing on this trend as a potential driver for our collection and storage business, we plan to work with specialty hospitals and physicians in China to make stem cell-based therapies available for these medical tourism patients.

Collection, Processing and Storage Services

We are extending our technical and operating expertise to China to offer adult stem cell collection services through a network of centers within existing or newly-developed medical facilities.

In order to accelerate the establishment of a world-class storage facility in China, we are negotiating the terms of a project management agreement with PCT for a “turn-key” cGMP-compliant stem cell processing and storage operation in Beijing. To this end, in May 2009, Qingdao Niao leased space from Beijing Zhong-guan-cun Life Science Park Development Corp., Ltd. for a facility, or the Beijing Facility, that will be equipped to provide comprehensive adult stem cell collection, processing and storage capabilities, and a laboratory to support a number of our therapeutic programs, including the orthopedic program at Wengdeng Hospital.

Research and Development

In addition to supporting the processing and storage activities at the Beijing Facility, the laboratory will provide a state-of-the-art venue for expanded adult stem cell-related research and development activities in China. We are collaborating with experts in China to expand our intellectual property positions in the stem cell field and develop adult stem cell-based therapies for the U.S. and broader China markets. These efforts will be dedicated to the research and development of our stem cell technology and its application to a number of therapeutic programs, initially including diabetes and anti-aging.

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In July 2009, NeoStem (China) entered into a cooperation agreement with our China consultant, Shandong Life and Science Institute, or SLSI, to assist in the formation of a not-for-profit organization required under PRC law, to organize and conduct various stem cell-based clinical trials in collaboration with specialty hospitals. This initiative was funded by NeoStem (China) in the amount of approximately $730,000.

Pharmaceutical Business in China — Erye

We believe that China currently affords a unique opportunity to grow our revenues on an accelerated basis. In order to enter this market, we completed the Merger on October 30, 2009, the net effect of which was the acquisition by us of a 51% ownership interest in Erye. Our current senior executive management team at Erye, Mr. Shi and Madame Zhang, joined Erye in 1998, in conjunction with others bought it from the government in 2003 and, in the years that followed, transformed it into a profitable private enterprise. Erye had approximately 739 employees as of December 31, 2009, of which approximately 536 were full-time.

Erye was founded more than 50 years ago and represents an established, vertically-integrated pharmaceutical business, focused primarily on the manufacturing and sale of antibiotics. Historically, Erye has concentrated its efforts on the manufacturing and distribution of generic antibiotic products and has received more than 160 production certificates from the SFDA covering both antibiotic prescription drugs and active pharmaceutical intermediates, or APIs. Erye’s revenue for 2009 was in excess of $60 million on an unaudited basis.

Industry

China has a large population with a rapidly growing demand for pharmaceutical drugs and has committed to providing increased governmental insurance to provide a larger segment of the population greater access to pharmaceuticals. The antibiotics market in China was approximately $8.8 billion in 2007, with an annual average growth rate of approximately 24 percent for the previous three years. The overall pharmaceuticals market is forecasted to triple in size by 2013, becoming the third largest drug market in the world behind the U.S. and Japan.

In early 2009, the PRC government announced that improving healthcare for its citizens would be a major priority and China’s State Council approved the spending of $124 billion on its healthcare system between 2009 and 2011. This spending initiative, coupled with a population approaching 1.4 billion, makes China a large market opportunity for pharmaceutical drugs. As part of this initiative, China has created the New Rural and Urban Cooperative Medical Insurance System. More than 60% of the drugs produced by Erye are covered under this new medical insurance system.

Products

Erye offers a broad portfolio of anti-infective drugs, with no single product accounting for more than 10% of total revenues. In 2008, seven of the top 20 antibiotics used in Chinese hospitals were products offered by Erye. Erye’s top five products, by revenue, for the first nine months of 2009, are set forth in the following table:

Product Name		Product Type		Approximate Revenue
				(In Millions)
Acetylspiramycin		API		$4.0
Oxacillin Sodium		API		$3.2
Mezlocillin Sodium		Injectible Finished Product		$3.1
Amoxicillin/Sulbactum Sodium		Injectible Finished Product		$3.0
Cefoperazone/Sulbactum Sodium		Injectible Finished Product		$2.4

Erye is currently focused on bringing more differentiated and higher-margin product offerings to its portfolio. Progress toward this goal has been demonstrated in an increase in gross margin to 33.9% for the nine months ended September 2009 compared to 30.6% for the nine months ended September 2008.

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Distribution/Customers

In China, consumers generally receive prescription drugs through hospitals. Antibiotics are distributed almost exclusively through hospitals. Since pharmaceutical manufacturers in China are not permitted to sell directly to hospitals, it is essential to have an effective and extensive distributor network. Erye’s distributor network covers all of mainland China’s provinces and municipalities and generates sales principally through three channels:

Erye has an internal sales and marketing team of more than 40 individuals that supervise the distributor network, assist with clinical promotions and manage hospital relationships. Many of Erye’s sales executives have long-term experience in pharmaceutical sales and previously held sales positions with state-owned pharmaceutical companies, where they established long-standing relationships with large distribution centers in several key regions nationwide and, in particular, within the Yangzi River Triangle.

Production Facilities

Erye currently operates a production facility in the City of Suzhou, containing approximately 33,490 square meters of offices, dormitories, a food court, warehouse and production facilities, including eight (cGMP) production lines certified by the SFDA, workshops and laboratory areas.

In 2005, the PRC government issued a mandate requiring the relocation of many of Erye’s existing manufacturing facilities. The government mandate did not require Erye to relocate by any specific date. In order to comply with this mandate and to meet the growing demands of its business, Erye acquired land use rights to approximately 27 acres in the Xiangcheng District of Suzhou and, in 2007, commenced the construction of a new, state-of-the-art production facility. This new campus-style facility includes 12 buildings containing a total of approximately 49,436 square meters of space, for which the external building construction has been completed and manufacturing equipment is being assembled and tested. The land use rights end in January of 2058.

Erye began transferring its operations in January 2010. The relocation will continue as the new production lines are completed and receive cGMP certification through 2011. In January 2010, Erye received notification that the SFDA has approved Erye’s application for cGMP certification to manufacture solvent crystallization sterile penicillin and freeze dried raw sterile penicillin at the new facility, which provides 50% and 100% greater manufacturing capacity, respectively, than its existing facility. Historically, these two lines have accounted for approximately 20% of Erye’s sales.

Once Erye has completed the transfer of operations to the new facilities, and its new production lines are fully operational, it will have substantially increased capacity from the current plant, with the goal of becoming among the largest antibiotics producers in Eastern China.

The total cost of the new facility is estimated to be approximately $30 million, of which approximately $16 million has been paid for through September 30, 2009. The remaining $14 million is expected to be funded from a combination of proceeds from this offering, an Erye line of credit and Erye’s operating cash flow. To this end, the owners of Erye have agreed to reinvest a substantial portion of their respective shares of the earnings of Erye to pay the costs associated with the completion of, and Erye’s relocation to, the new production facility.

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Research and Development — Product Pipeline

Erye provides a well-established and capable platform and network for the introduction of pharmaceuticals, and other health-related products, to the vast domestic patient and consumer markets in China.

Currently, Erye has seven new drug candidates in their pipeline, at varying stages of the development and commercialization process. Applications for production certificates for four of these drug candidates have been submitted and are pending approval by the SFDA, including Adefovir capsules, Cloxacillin Sodium (API), Clindamycin Phosphate for injection, and Omeprazole capsules (approved November 2009). Erye also has three candidates in clinical trials that could be considered “new drugs” in China, including Faropenem sodium (API), Faropenem tablets and Tiopronin enteric-coated capsules.

Erye’s recent track record for obtaining SFDA production certificates includes seven certificates in 2007, four certificates in 2008 and four certificates in 2009 (including Omeprazole capsules).

In addition to research and development regarding new prescription drugs, we plan to expand Erye’s product pipeline with health supplements and nutraceutical products. We believe that the expansive markets in China present opportunities for these products and that Erye already has extensive capabilities to accelerate product distribution.

PRC Corporate Legal Structure

We conduct our operations in the PRC through two distinct business units: (i) our China pharmaceutical business unit which we conduct though our 51% ownership interest in Erye; and (ii) our China adult stem cell business unit which we conduct through contractual arrangements that our wholly foreign-owned entity, or WFOE, NeoStem (China) has with two variable interest entities, or VIEs, Qingdao Niao Bio-Technology Ltd. and Beijing Ruijieao Biotechnology Ltd.

China Pharmaceutical Business

On October 30, 2009, we completed the Merger with China Biopharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc., or CBH, through a wholly-owned subsidiary of ours with our subsidiary as the surviving entity. As a result of the Merger, we acquired a controlling interest in Suzhou Erye Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., or Erye, a Sino-foreign joint venture with limited liability organized under PRC laws. Suzhou Erye Economy and Trading Co. Ltd., or EET, owns the remaining 49% ownership interest in Erye. A new joint venture agreement, which is subject to approval by the requisite PRC governmental authorities, governs this arrangement.

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China Adult Stem Cell Business

Because certain PRC regulations currently restrict or prohibit foreign-invested entities from holding certain licenses and controlling businesses in certain industries in China, we created the WFOE, NeoStem (China), to implement our expansion objectives in China. NeoStem (China) may engage in the research and development, transfer and technological consultation service of bio-technology, regenerative medical technology and anti-aging technology, excluding the development or application of human stem cell, gene diagnosis and treatment technologies; consultation of economic information; import, export and wholesaling of machinery and equipment (the import and export do not involve the goods specifically stipulated in/by state-operated trade, import and export quota license, export quota bidding, export permit, etc.). To comply with China’s foreign investment prohibition on stem cell research and development, clinical trials and related activities, this business is conducted via two VIEs: Qingdao and Beijing Ruijieao, each a Chinese domestic company controlled by NeoStem (China) through the VIE documents. Under the VIE documents, the shareholders of the VIEs are required to transfer their ownership interests in these entities to NeoStem (China) in China in the event Chinese laws and regulations allow foreign investors to hold ownership interests in the VIEs, or to our designees at any time for the amount of, to the extent permitted by Chinese laws, the outstanding loans to the VIE shareholders. The shareholders of the VIEs have entrusted us to appoint the directors and senior management personnel of the VIEs on their behalf. Through NeoStem (China), we have entered into exclusive technical and management service agreements and other service agreements with the VIEs, under which NeoStem (China) is providing technical and management services to the VIEs in exchange for substantially all net income of the VIEs. In addition, shareholders of the VIEs have pledged their equity interests in the VIEs to NeoStem (China) as collateral for non-payment of loans or for fees on technical and management services due to us.

The capital investment in these VIEs is funded by us through the WFOE and recorded as interest-free loans to the shareholders of Qingdao Niao and Beijing Ruijieao. To date, the WFOE has been capitalized in the total amount of approximately $2.9 million. As of October 31, 2009, the total amount of interest-free loans to these shareholders of the VIEs listed as above was approximately $325,000 and we anticipate increasing this amount in the near-term by approximately $145,000. We expect that the WFOE will require substantial additional funding in order for us to continue the current expansion plans in China associated with our stem cell business.

NeoStem (China) pledged with the Bank of Rizhao Qingdao Branch part of its registered capital in USD as collateral to obtain trust loans in RMB, in a total of RMB 4.4 million, in order to fund the operations of Qingdao Niao and Beijing Ruijieao. An original note in the amount of 1,000,000 RMB was repaid. Also, in Janaury 2010, the equity interest holder of each of the VIEs entered into a pledge agreement with NeoStem (China) to pledge all of his equity interests in the respective VIE in favor of NeoStem (China).

We expect to receive benefits, to the extent permitted by PRC laws, through various VIE contractual agreements in the form of authorized sharing of the ownership of the know-how and other intellectual property rights derived from the clinical trials and research and development, and in the form of financial benefits on a basis of profit sharing mechanisms with participating partner hospitals from the commercialization of regeneration medical treatments developed successfully from the clinical trials.

Pursuant to certain opinions regarding Administration of Not-for-profit Research Institutions (Trial), or the Opinions, which were promulgated and became effective on December 19, 2000, not-for-profit research institutions shall have independent legal person status, and shall operate independently under the guidance and supervision of corresponding government authorities. Not-for-profit research institutions shall conduct science, research, technical consulting and technical service mainly for the purpose of social benefits, and shall not be operated for profit. No person or institution shall obtain any investment return from not-for-profit research institutions in any manner, and all of the income generated by not-for-profit research institutions during their provision of for-profit services to society, and which is permitted to be kept by the not-for-profit research institution pursuant to relevant rules, shall be used for the development of the not-for-profit research institution.

Accordingly, we are cooperating, through NeoStem (China) with our China consultant, SLSI, with regard to the formation of a not-for-profit organization under PRC law, to organize and conduct various clinical trials

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in China. We have provided funding through a contractual arrangement with SLSI and SLSI has taken responsibility for establishing and structuring clinical trials with third parties, other research institutes and a number of partner hospitals. Through various VIE or other contractual agreements, we expect to obtain, directly or indirectly, part of the management and operation rights and benefits from SLSI. However, if this contractual arrangement is regarded as breaching any clause in the Opinions, the contractual agreements we have with SLSI will need to be terminated or modified, and we may not obtain or continue to obtain benefits, directly or indirectly, from SLSI as expected.

Further, pursuant to the Interim Measures for the Administration of Human Genetic Resources, or the Measures, which was promulgated and took effect on June 10, 1998, China adopted a reporting and registration system on important pedigrees and genetic resources in specified regions. Whoever is engaged in activities in China such as sampling, collecting, researching, developing, trading or exporting human genetic resources or taking such resources outside China shall abide by the Measures. The term “human genetic resources” in the Measures refers to the genetic materials such as human organs, tissues, cells, blood specimens, preparations of any types or recombinant DNA constructs, which contain human genome, genes or gene products as well as to the information related to such genetic materials. It is possible that the research and development operations conducted by SLSI may be regarded by corresponding government authorities in China as human genetic resources research and development activities, and thus, the Measures may apply. If the Measures apply to the cooperation between the Lab and/or the SLSI, and us, such cooperation is subject to approval of competent government authorities in China. The sharing of patents or other corresponding intellectual property rights derived from such research and development operations is also subject to various restriction and approval requirements established under the Measures. If we are unable to obtain corresponding approvals on a timely basis, or at all, our operation in China will be materially affected.

One VIE will be devoted to adult stem cell related research and development activities and the other will be devoted to the commercialization of stem cell-based therapies in collaboration with hospitals.

Intellectual Property

We are seeking patent protection for our technology. We acquired and are prosecuting one pending U.S. patent application which had been filed by our predecessor, NS California. This patent application is intended to cover the process by which stem cells from the bone marrow are mobilized, isolated from adult peripheral blood and stored. In addition, we have filed a patent application covering low-dose, short course, cytokine induction of stem cell mobilization and patent applications claiming methods of purifying stem cells.

Pursuant to our license agreement covering the VSEL^TM technology, we acquired the exclusive, world-wide license to patent applications and know-how relating to very small embryonic-like stem cells. Patent applications regarding this technology are pending in the U.S., China and Europe. These patent applications relate specifically to a method of isolating and using very small embryonic-like stem cells. Under the license for the VSEL^TM technology, we have the right to unpatented inventions and discoveries contained in certain manuscripts relating to transplantation and mobilization of these cells in certain circumstances, which has been pursued in subsequently filed provisional patent applications.

Pursuant to our license agreement with Vincent Giampapa, M.D., F.A.C.S., we have an exclusive, world-wide license to a granted U.S. patent, patent applications and know-how relating to methods and compositions for the restoration of age-related tissue loss.

Pursuant to our license agreement with Vincent Falanga, M.D., F.A.C.P., we have an exclusive, world-wide license to a U.S. provisional patent application and corresponding PCT application and know-how relating to the use of autologous mesenchymal stem cells to treat wounds.

Pursuant to our license agreement with RSI, we have an exclusive license for Asia to a patent application pending in Hong Kong and the right to file additional patent applications throughout Asia, as well as an exclusive license to know-how, all relating to the isolation and use of mesenchymal stem cells in orthopedic indications.

There can be no assurance that any of our patent applications will issue as patents or should patents issue that they will not be found invalid. The patent position of biotechnology companies generally is highly uncertain and involves complex legal, scientific and factual questions.

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The government approval procedure in China for the filing, consideration and approval of new patent applications is as follows: The applicant prepares documentation and sends the application to State Intellectual Property Office of China, or SIPO, usually through patent application agencies. The application is then examined by SIPO. If the application is approved, SIPO issues and releases a patent illustration book for challenges by competing claimants. Once the illustration book is issued, the patent is protected. Within a three-year period, depending on different categories of the patent, if there are no challenges against the patent, then SIPO will issue a patent license to the applicant.

Competition

Pharmaceutical operations in China are still at an early stage of development due to heavy state involvement in the past. However, competition from China-based drug manufacturing companies is growing rapidly. Our direct competitors are domestic pharmaceutical companies and new drug research and development institutes such as Harbin Pharmaceutical Group Holding Co., Ltd., Shanghai Asia Pioneer Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shandong Lukang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd and Shandong Luoxin Pharmacy Stock Co. Ltd. We also face competition from foreign companies who have strong proprietary pipelines and strong financial resources.

Historically in the U.S., we have faced competition from other established operators of stem cell preservation businesses and providers of stem cell storage services. Today, there is an established and growing market for cord blood stem cell banking. We are also aware of another company with established stem cell banking services that processes and stores stem cells collected from adipose, or fat, tissue. This type of stem cell banking requires harvesting fat by a liposuction procedure. Embryonic stem cells represent yet another alternative to pre-donated and stored adult stem cells. As techniques for expanding stem cells improve, thereby allowing therapeutic doses, the use of embryonic stem cells and other collection techniques of adult stem cells could increase and compete with our services. Finally, we are aware that other technologies are being developed to turn skin cells into cells that behave like embryonic stem cells or to harvest stem cells from the pulp of baby teeth. While these and other approaches remain in early stages of development, they may one day be competitive.

In addition, cord blood banks such as ViaCord or Cryo-Cell International easily could enter the field of adult stem cell collection because of their processing labs, storage facilities and customer lists. We estimate that there are approximately 43 cord blood banks in the U.S., approximately 28 of which are autologous, meaning that the donor and recipient are the same, and approximately 15 of which are allogeneic, meaning that the donor and recipient are not the same. Hospitals that have transplant centers to serve cancer patients may elect to provide some or all of the services that we provide. We estimate that there are approximately 162 hospitals in the U.S. with stem cell transplant centers. These competitors may have better experience and access to greater financial resources than we do. In addition, other established companies may enter our markets and compete with us.

The provision of stem cell-based therapies and banking services in China is a nascent industry, with most participants engaging through single facilities on a small scale. Many of these treatment centers rely on technology taken from domestic universities, although a few more advanced competitors use technology licensed from overseas. These small facilities are typically focused on delivering stem cell treatments in one specific treatment area, such as central nervous system diseases, ischemia, and cosmetics, with the majority treating central nervous system diseases. Given limited stem cell operations in China, the market remains significantly underserved.

The only competitor of note of which we are aware is Beike Biotechnology Co Ltd. Beike, headquartered in Shenzhen, Guangzhou province, which provides stem cell-based treatments through collaborations with a network of approximately 20 hospitals. In 2008, Beike established a stem cell storage facility in Jiangsu province, recently broke ground on an expanded facility and has disclosed that it plans to eventually house induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) extraction on a commercial scale.

Governmental Regulation

As we expand into China, we expect to rely upon Eyre’s experience with the Drug Administration Law of China, which governs the licensing, manufacturing, marketing and distribution of pharmaceutical products in China. Additionally, our operations are subject to various PRC regulations and permit systems.

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The application and approval procedure in China for a newly-developed drug product is nearly as detailed and lengthy as that for U.S. new drug applicants, requiring the documentation of pharmacological studies, toxicity studies and pharmacokinetics and drug metabolism (PKDM) studies and new drug samples. Documentation and samples are then submitted to a provincial food and drug administration, or the provincial FDA. The provincial FDA sends its officials to the applicant to check the applicant’s research and development facilities and to arrange a new drug examination committee meeting for approval deliberations. This process usually takes three months. After the documentation and samples are approved by the provincial FDA, the provincial FDA will submit the approved documentation and samples to the SFDA. The SFDA examines the documentation and tests the samples and arranges a new drug examination committee meeting for approval deliberations. If the application is approved by the SFDA, the SFDA will issue a clinical trial license to the applicant allowing the applicant to conduct human clinical trials. The clinical trial license approval typically takes one year. The applicant completes the clinical trial process and prepares documentation and files submitted to the SFDA for new drug approval. The clinical trial process usually takes one or two years depending on the category and class of the new drug. The SFDA examines the documentation and gives final approval for the new drug and issues the new drug license to the applicant. This process usually takes 8 months. As a result, the entire process for new drug approval, from start to finish, usually takes three to four years.

The PRC government is in the process of reviewing its industry policies relating to the pharmaceutical industry and, as a part of this review, has been reviewing drug permits and licenses that have been issued. As of now, Erye maintains the good standing of its drug permits and licenses.

The PRC Antitrust Law was promulgated on August 30, 2007 and became effective on August 1, 2008. The government authorities in charge of antitrust matters in China are the Antitrust Commission and other antitrust authorities under the State Council. The PRC Antitrust Law regulates: (i) monopoly agreements, including decisions or actions in concert that preclude or impede competition, entered into by business operators; (ii) abuse of dominant market position by business operators; and (iii) concentration of business operators that may have the effect of precluding or impeding competition. Except for the exemptions set forth under Article 15 of the PRC Antitrust Law, competing business operators are prohibited from entering into monopoly agreements that fix or change commodity prices, restrict the production volume or sales volume of commodities, divide markets for sales or procurement of raw materials, restrict procurement of new technologies or new equipment or development of new technologies or new equipment, result in joint boycott of transactions or constitute monopoly agreements as determined by the antitrust authority.

In addition, business operators with the ability to control the price or quantity of commodities or other trading conditions or those with the ability to block or affect other business operators into the relevant markets are prohibited from engaging in certain business conducts that would result in abuse of their dominant market position.

Moreover, concentration of business operators refers to: (i) merger with other business operators; (ii) gaining control over other business operators through acquisition of equity interest or assets of other business operators; and (iii) gaining control over other business operators through exerting influence on other business operators through contracts or other means. In the event of occurrence of any concentration of business operators and to the extent required by the Antitrust Law, the relevant business operators must file with the antitrust authority under the State Council prior to conducting the contemplated business concentration. If the antitrust authority decides not to further investigate whether the contemplated business concentration has the effect of precluding or impeding competition or fails to make a decision within 30 days from receipt of relevant materials, the relevant business operators may proceed to consummate the contemplated business concentration.

It is widely expected that a set of detailed implementing rules of the PRC Antitrust Law will be issued by the PRC government. We are now in the process of reviewing our current business model and business operation against the PRC Antitrust Law. However, before the promulgation of such implementing rules, we are unable to determine whether we might be in violation of any aspects of the PRC Antitrust Law.

The services that we provide to individuals are relatively new. Our adult stem cell collection, processing and storage service is not a medical treatment, although it involves medical procedures. Our stem cell-related business is not addressed by many of the regulations applicable to our field and as a result, there is often

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considerable uncertainty as to the applicability of regulatory requirements. Although we have devoted significant resources to ensuring compliance with those laws that we believe to be applicable, it is possible that regulators may disagree with our interpretations, prompting additional compliance requirements or even enforcement actions.

We believe that the adult stem cells collected, processed and stored through our collection services are properly classified under the FDA’s human cells, tissues and cellular- and tissue-based products, or HCT/P, regulatory paradigm and should not be classified as a medical device, biologic or drug.

Relationships with licensed professionals such as physicians may be subject to state and federal laws restricting the referral of business, prohibiting certain payments to physicians, or otherwise limiting such collaborations. If our services become approved for reimbursement by government or private insurers, we could be subject to additional regulation and perhaps additional limitations on our ability to structure relationships with physicians. Additionally, state regulators may impose restrictions on the business activities and relationships of licensed physicians or other licensed professionals. For example, many states restrict or prohibit the employment of licensed physicians by for-profit corporations, or the “corporate practice of medicine.” If we fail to structure our relationships with physicians in accordance with applicable laws or other regulatory requirements it could have a material adverse effect on our business. Even if we do enter into these arrangements, we may not be able to maintain these relationships or establish new ones in the future on acceptable terms.

Some states also impose additional regulation and oversight of clinical laboratories operating within their borders and impose regulatory compliance obligations on out-of-state laboratories providing services to their residents. Many of the states in which we, our strategic partners or members of our collection network engage in collection, processing or storage activities have licensing requirements that must be complied with. Additionally, there may be state regulations impacting the use of blood products that would impact our business. There can be no assurance that we, our strategic partners or members of our collection center network will be able to obtain or maintain any necessary licenses required to conduct business in any states or that the cost of compliance will not materially and adversely affect our ability to market or perform our services or our ability to do so profitably. Certain licensing requirements require employment of medical directors and others with certain training and technical backgrounds and there can be no assurance that such individuals can be retained or will remain retained or that the cost of retaining such individuals will not materially and adversely affect our ability to market or perform our services or our ability to do so profitably.

Since January of 2004, registration with the FDA is required by facilities engaged in the recovery, processing, storage, labeling, packaging or distribution of any HCT/Ps, or the screening or testing of a donor. Any third party retained by us to process our samples must be similarly registered with the FDA and comply with HCT/P regulations. The FDA also adopted rules in May 2005 that regulate current Good Tissues Practices, or cGTP. Additionally, adverse events in the field of stem cell therapy that may occur could result in greater governmental regulation of our business, creating increased expenses and potential delays relating to the approval or licensing of any or all of the processes and facilities involved in our stem cell collection and storage services.

In the U.S., our planned stem cell biomarker screening panels may be subject to regulation as a medical device by the FDA under the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act. These domestic regulations govern many of the commercial activities we plan to perform, including the purposes for which our proposed immunodiagnostic assays can be used, the development, testing, labeling, storage and use of our proposed assays with other products, and the manufacturing, advertising, promotion, sales and distribution of our proposed assays for the approved purposes. Compliance with these regulations could prove expensive and time-consuming and render such panels commercially impractical.

We are subject to state and federal privacy laws related to the protection of our customers’ personal health information and state and federal laws related to the security of such personal health information and other personal data to which we would have access through the provision of our services. Currently, we are obligated to comply with privacy and security standards adopted under HIPAA. Certain of these regulatory obligations will be changing over the next year as a result of amendments to HIPAA under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. Consequently, our compliance burden will increase, and we will be

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subject to audit and enforcement by the federal government and, in some cases, enforcement by state authorities. We will also be obligated to publicly disclose wrongful disclosures or losses of personal health information. We may be required to spend substantial amounts of time and money to comply with these requirements, any regulations and licensing requirements, as well as any future legislative and regulatory initiatives. Failure by us or our business partners to comply with these or other applicable regulatory requirements or any delay in compliance may result in, among other things, injunctions, operating restrictions, and civil fines and criminal prosecution, a material adverse effect on the marketing and sales of our services and impair our ability to operate profitably or at all.

We also are subject to state and federal laws regulating the proper disposal of biohazardous materials. Although we believe we are currently in compliance with all such applicable laws, a violation of such laws, or the future enactment of more stringent laws or regulations, could subject us to liability for noncompliance and may require us to incur significant costs.

As the stem cell therapy industry is at an early stage of development in China, new laws and regulations may be adopted in the future to address new issues that arise from time to time. As a result, substantial uncertainties exist regarding the interpretation and implementation of current and any future PRC laws and regulations applicable to the stem cell therapy industry. There is no way to predict the content or scope of future Chinese stem cell regulation. There can be no assurance that the PRC government authorities will not issue new laws or regulations that impose conditions or requirements with which we cannot comply. Noncompliance could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

The Chinese Ministry of Commerce, or MOFCOM, and Ministry of Science and Technology of China, or MOST, jointly publish the Catalogue of Technologies the Export of which from China is Prohibited or Restricted, and the Catalogue of Technologies the Import of which into China Prohibited or Restricted. Stem cell-related technologies are not listed in the current versions of these catalogues, and therefore their import or export should not be forbidden or require the approval of MOFCOM and MOST. However, these catalogues are subject to revision and, as the PRC authorities develop policies concerning stem cell technologies, it is possible that the categories would be amended or updated should the PRC government want to regulate the export or import of stem cell related technologies to protect material state interests or for other reasons. Should the catalogues be updated so as to bring any activities of the planned stem cell processing, storage and manufacturing operation in Beijing and related research and development activities under their purview, any such limitations or restrictions imposed on the operations and related activities could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Employees

As of December 31, 2009, NeoStem had 25 full-time, and 3 part-time employees in the U.S., and 2 employees in China. None of our employees is covered by a collective bargaining agreement, and we believe our employee relations are good. Erye has approximately 739 employees, of which approximately 536 are full-time employees, all of whom are located in Jiangsu Province, China. Although a significant number of Erye’s employees have employment contracts, none of the employees are covered by a collective bargaining agreement, and employee relations are believed to be good.

Properties

Effective April 1, 2009, we leased executive offices at 420 Lexington Avenue, New York, NY 10170, which serve as our headquarters. The lease has a current term that extends through June 2013 and is believed to be sufficient space for the foreseeable future.

In September 2009, we leased office and laboratory space at 840 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts for approximately three years, or the Cambridge Space. The Cambridge Space will be used for general office, research and development, and laboratory purposes (inclusive of an adult stem cell collection center). The base rent under the Cambridge Lease is $283,850 for the first year, $356,840 for the second year and $369,005 for the third year.

The current operations of Erye are located in Suzhou City. All buildings are fully occupied and used by Erye. The ages of all buildings are over 25 years. The land on which the facilities are situated is located at the

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heart of city and is restricted by government regulation from any new building development. In 2005, the government issued a mandate requiring the relocation of many of Suzhou’s existing manufacturing facilities. To comply with this mandate, and to meet the growing demands of its business, Erye acquired land use rights to approximately 27 acres in the Xiangcheng District of Suzhou for $1.8 million and, in 2007, commenced the construction of a new, state-of-the-art production facility. This new campus-style facility includes 12 buildings containing a total of approximately 49,436 square meters, for which the external building construction has been completed. Portions of the new facility are expected to be operational in the first quarter of 2010 and the relocation is expected to be completed by the end of 2011. The land use rights end in January of 2058.

The total cost of the new facility is estimated to be approximately $30 million, of which approximately $16 million has been paid for through September 30, 2009. The remaining $14 million is expected to be funded from a combination of proceeds from this offering, an Erye line of credit and Erye’s operating cash flow. To this end, the owners of Erye have agreed to reinvest a substantial portion of their respective shares of the earnings of Erye to pay the costs associated with the completion of, and Erye’s relocation to, the new production facility.

In 2008, CBH, the then 51% owner of Erye, and EET, as the owner of the remaining 49% of Erye, and RimAsia, entered into a Memorandum of Understanding, or MOU, which established, among other things, certain terms and conditions concerning the operation and relocation of Erye. The MOU calls for all proceeds associated with the relocation of the current facility in which Erye manufactures product to be sold, to the new facilities currently under construction, to be paid to EET. In September 2009, pursuant to the MOU, Erye transferred the land and building for its principal manufacturing facility to a new joint venture beneficially owned by EET. There is a lease in place between the joint venture and Erye permitting Erye’s continued use of the land and buildings until the construction of its new plant and Erye’s relocation are completed.

Legal Proceedings

We are subject to litigation in the ordinary course. Currently, we are not a party to any litigation that could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition.

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MANAGEMENT

DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS

The following table provides information about our directors and executive officers.

Name		Age		Position		Expiration of Director Term
Robin L. Smith, M.D., MBA		45		Chief Executive Officer and Director		2012
Larry A. May*		60		Chief Financial Officer		—
Catherine M. Vaczy		48		Vice President and General Counsel		—
Alan G. Harris, M.D., Ph.D.		59		Vice President of Drug Development and Regulatory Affairs		—
Anthony Salerno		56		Vice President of Strategic Development and Academic Affairs		—
Teresa Lepore		50		Vice President of Sales and Marketing		—
Christopher Duignan		34		Vice President of Finance
Madam Zhang Jian		48		General Manager, Erye		—
Peter Sun		50		General Manager, NeoStem (China)		—
Richard Berman		67		Director		2012
Steven S. Myers		63		Director		2011
Drew Bernstein		53		Director		2010
Edward C. Geehr, M.D.		60		Director		2011
Eric Wei		53		Director		2010
Shi Mingsheng		58		**		—

Robin L. Smith, M.D.

Dr. Robin L. Smith joined us as Chairman of our Advisory Board in September 2005 and, effective June 2, 2006, became the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board. Dr. Smith, who received a medical degree from Yale University in 1992 and a master’s degree in business administration from the Wharton School in 1997, brings to us extensive experience in medical enterprises and business development. From 2000 to 2003, Dr. Smith served as President and Chief Executive Officer of IP2M, a multi-platform media company specializing in healthcare. During her term, the company was selected as one of the ten fastest growing technology companies in Houston. IP2M was sold to a publicly-traded company in February 2003. Previously, from 1998 to 2000, she was Executive Vice President and Chief Medical Officer for HealthHelp, Inc., a National Radiology Management company that managed 14 percent of the healthcare dollars paid for by large insurance companies.

Dr. Smith has acted as a senior advisor to, and investor in, both publicly-traded and privately-held companies including but not limited to CBH, Phase III Medical, our predecessor, the Madelin Fund, HC Innovations Inc., Navstar Media Holdings, Strike Force, Health Quest, Red Lion Partners and All American Pet, where she played a significant role in restructuring and or growing the companies. Dr. Smith served on the Board of Directors of two privately-held companies, Talon Air and Biomega, and also served on the Chemotherapy Foundation Board of Trustees and The New York Theatre Ballet. She currently serves on the Board of Trustees of the NYU Medical Center Board, is a member of the Board of Directors for the New York University Hospital for Joint Diseases, and serves on the Board of Choose Living. Dr. Smith is the President and serves on the Board of Directors of The Stem for Life Foundation.

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Larry A. May

Mr. May, the former Treasurer of Amgen (NasdaqGS: AMGN), one of the world’s largest biotechnology companies, initially joined us to assist with licensing activities in September 2003. He became an officer upon our acquisition of the business of NS California in January 2006. For the last 25 years, Mr. May has worked in the areas of life sciences and biotechnology. From 1983 to 1998, Mr. May worked for Amgen as Corporate Controller (1983 to 1988), Vice President/Corporate Controller/Chief Accounting Officer (1988 to 1997), and Vice President/Treasurer (1997 to 1998). At Amgen, Mr. May helped build Amgen’s accounting, finance and IT organizations. From 1998 to 2000, Mr. May served as the Senior Vice President, Finance & Chief Financial Officer of Biosource International, Inc., a provider of biologic research reagents and assays. From 2000 to May 2003, Mr. May served as the Chief Financial Officer of Saronyx, Inc., a company focused on developing productivity tools and secure communication systems for research scientists. From August 2003 to January 2005, Mr. May served as the Chief Financial Officer of NS California. In March 2005, Mr. May was appointed CEO of NS California and in May 2005 he was elected to the Board of Directors of NS California. He received a Bachelor of Science degree in Business Administration & Accounting in 1971 from the University of Missouri.

Catherine M. Vaczy

Ms. Vaczy joined us in April 2005 as Vice President and General Counsel and is responsible for overseeing our legal affairs. From 1997 through 2003, Ms. Vaczy held various senior positions at ImClone Systems Incorporated, a then publicly-traded company developing a portfolio of targeted biologic treatments to address the medical needs of patients with a variety of cancers, most recently as its Vice President, Legal and Associate General Counsel. While at ImClone (NasdaqGS: IMCL), Ms. Vaczy served as a key advisor in the day-to-day operation of the company and helped forge a number of important strategic alliances, including a $1 billion co-development agreement with Bristol Myers Squibb (NYSE: BMY) for Erbitux®, ImClone’s targeted therapy approved for the treatment of metastatic colorectal and head and neck cancers. From 1988 through 1996, Ms. Vaczy served as a corporate attorney advising clients in the life science industry at the New York City law firm of Ross & Hardies. Ms. Vaczy is Secretary and serves on the Board of Directors of The Stem for Life Foundation. Ms. Vaczy received a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1983 from Boston College and a Juris Doctor from St. John’s University School of Law in 1988.

Alan G. Harris, M.D., Ph.D.

Dr. Harris has been our Vice President of Drug Development and Regulatory Affairs since July 2009. In June 2009, Dr. Harris was a consultant to us, providing strategic advice in connection with our research and development initiatives. Prior to joining us, from February 2006 to December 2007 he was Chief Medical Officer of Manhattan Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Prior to this, from January 2004, Dr. Harris was head of the Worldwide Medical Endocrine Care group at Pfizer, Inc. (NYSE: PFE) in New York City, where he was responsible for the clinical development of the growth hormone Genotropin®, the growth hormone antagonist Somavert®, and the leading international medical outcomes database containing information about growth hormone treatment in children (KIGS) and adults (KIMS). Prior to Pfizer he served in a number of capacities at Schering-Plough Corporation (Kenilworth, NJ) from 1995 to 2004, most recently as vice president, Global Healthcare Research & Outcomes. Dr. Harris received an M.D. degree cum laude from the Louis Pasteur Faculty of Medicine, University of Strasbourg, France and a Ph.D. in Endocrinology from Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. He is currently an adjunct professor of medicine at New York University Medical School and visiting professor of medicine in the Department of Endocrinology at Liege University Medical School, Belgium and in the Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Toxicology at the University Hospital of Lausanne, Switzerland. Dr. Harris is a Fellow of the American College of Physicians, the Royal College of Physicians (UK), and the American College of Clinical Pharmacology.

Anthony Salerno

Mr. Salerno joined us in August, 2009 and has more than 25 years of experience as an executive and entrepreneur in the life sciences industry. From 2008 to 2009, he served as Vice President Strategic Business Development with GenomeQuest, Inc., where he was responsible for guiding their entry into the next-generation DNA sequencing bioinformatics market. From 2002 through 2007, Mr. Salerno was Director, Market and Business Intelligence with Agilent Technologies, Inc. (NYSE: A) where he built and managed a

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global team charged with providing strategic insights to their $2 billion Life Science and Chemical Analysis division. Before joining Agilent, he was a successful entrepreneur with notable accomplishments in technology planning, market development and strategy. Mr. Salerno was Founder and President of VectorObjects LLC, the earliest commercial entrant in the emerging field of synthetic biology, and was Managing Director of BioDynamics Associates, a life sciences marketing and strategy consulting firm. In addition, he was Senior Marketing Consultant at Vysis, Inc., now part of Abbott Diagnostics (NYSE: ABT), and also the founding Vice President, Sales and Marketing at Tropix, Inc., now part of Life Technologies, Inc. (NYSE: LIFE). He began his career in the clinical diagnostics industry, and managed several product lines for Diagnostic Products Corporation, recently acquired by Siemens AG (NYSE: SI). Mr. Salerno obtained his Bachelor of Arts degree from the College of the Holy Cross, and studied biochemistry and molecular biology in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University.

Teresa Lepore

Teresa Lepore joined us and began serving as our Vice President, Sales and Marketing on October 1, 2009. From March 2005 through the present, Ms. Lepore served as a Senior Vice President for PinnacleCare, a company engaged in Health Advisory Services. Ms. Lepore was responsible for establishing PinnacleCare’s Northeast offices in early 2005. Teresa initiated member services, network development, business development as well as staff recruitment and development. Ms. Lepore has a diverse background in medical advisory services, disease management program development, community development, fundraising, marketing non-profit administration. Prior to joining PinnacleCare, from March 2002 through June 2004 she was a Health Education Specialist for WellPoint Health Networks, a company engaged in Health Benefits where she designed disease management programs. Ms. Lepore spent fifteen years in Non-Profit administration before moving into Health Information and Advisory Services. Her non-profit background began in crisis intervention programs helping to establish shelters and programs advocating for victims of domestic violence, including Child and Elder abuse. Her responsibilities included the training and supervision of staff grant writing and general fundraising. In addition to direct client service organizations Ms. Lepore served as a Resource and Capitalization Coordinator for Common Wealth, Inc., where she was responsible for resource development activities, grant writing, fundraising, and marketing. She provided training and consulting services to community and grassroots groups in community organizing, grant writing, marketing, project planning and resource development. Ms. Lepore received a Bachelor of Science from Youngstown State University in 1997.

Christopher Duignan

Mr. Duignan was the Senior Vice President of Finance at Advaxis, Inc. (OTCBB: ADXS) before joining us as our Vice President of Finance in November 2009. Prior to Advaxis, Mr. Duignan was the Chief Financial Officer of Enliven Marketing Technologies Corporation (NASDAQ: ENLV) from 2006 until the company was sold in 2008. Mr. Duignan worked for Enliven from 2002 to 2008, during which time he served as Assistant Controller, Controller, Chief Accounting Officer, and Chief Financial Officer. Prior to Enliven, Mr. Duignan worked at PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP from 1997 to 2001 in their technology group within the audit practice. Mr. Duignan received a B.S. in Accounting from Fairfield University in 1997 and is a Certified Public Accountant.

Madam Zhang Jian

Ms. Zhang Jian has been the General Manager of Erye since 2003. She was elected the Chairwoman and a director of CBH on April 30, 2007. Prior to being the General Manager for Erye, she served for more than 5 years as the deputy general manager of Suzhou Number 2 Pharmaceutical Company and more than a year as the deputy general manager of Suzhou Number 4 Pharmaceutical Company after working in various positions in charge of human resources and quality control. Ms. Zhang graduated from Central Television University majoring in electronics and later graduated with a certificate in accounting from Suzhou Adult Education University and a graduate degree in finance and accounting from the School of Finance and Economics of Suzhou University. Ms. Zhang has extensive background and experience in the pharmaceuticals industry having worked in various managerial positions and various aspects of the industry. She is an expert in managing a growth company, having turned Erye into a successful operation after taking it over from the government with Mr. Shi Mingsheng and others. From the end of 2007 until the consummation of the Merger, Ms. Zhang Jian was the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) of CBH.

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Peter Sun

Peter Sun has been General Manager of NeoStem (China), Inc. since 2009. Mr. Sun brings to us nearly twenty years of business experience in pharmaceutical, biotech and medical sectors. He is a licensed physician specializing in endocrinology. Previously, Mr. Sun was Vice President of Operations at Sun Biomedical Laboratories, and Chief Executive Officer and President at Panagin Pharmaceuticals. Mr. Sun has a Master’s degree in Biotechnology and Pharmacology from the University of British Columbia.

Richard Berman

Richard Berman joined our Board of Directors in November 2006, serves as Chairman of the Compensation Committee and until March 2009 and June 2009, respectively, served as Chairman of the Nominating Committee and Chairman of the Audit Committee. Mr. Berman continues to serve as a member of the Audit Committee and the Nominating Committee. Mr. Berman’s business career spans over thirty-five years of venture capital, management and merger and acquisitions experience. Mr. Berman is on the board of directors of five additional public companies: Broadcaster, Inc. (OTC: BCSR.OB), NexMed, Inc. (Nasdaq: NEXM), National Investment Managers, Inc. (Chairman) (OTC: NIVM.OB), Advaxis, Inc. (OTC: ADXS.OB) and Easylink Services International, Inc. (Nasdaq: ESIC). Previously, Mr. Berman worked at Goldman Sachs, and was Senior Vice President of Bankers Trust Company, where he started the M&A and Leverage Buyout Departments. Mr. Berman helped create the largest battery company in the world by merging Prestolite, General Battery and Exide to form Exide Technologies (Nasdaq: XIDE) and helped create what is now Soho (NYC) by developing five buildings; and advised on over $4 billion of M&A transactions. Mr. Berman is a past director of the Stern School of Business of NYU, where he received B.S. and M.B.A. degrees. Mr. Berman also has United States and foreign law degrees from Boston College and The Hague Academy of International Law, respectively.

Steven S. Myers

Mr. Myers joined our Board of Directors in November 2006 and serves on the Compensation Committee, Audit Committee and Nominating Committee. In March 2009, Mr. Myers became Chairman of the Nominating Committee. Mr. Myers is the founder, and until his retirement in March 2007 was the Chairman and CEO, of SM&A (NasdaqGM:WINS), the world’s leading provider of Competition Management Services. SM&A helps businesses win structured competitive procurements and design successful transitions from proposals to programs. Since 1982, SM&A has managed over 1,000 proposals worth more than $340 billion for its clients. SM&A routinely supports clients such as Boeing, Lockheed Martin, Accenture, Raytheon, Northrop Grumman, Motorola, and other Fortune 500 companies.

Mr. Myers graduated from Stanford University with a B.S. in Mathematics and had a successful career in the aerospace and defense sector supporting DoD and NASA programs before founding SM&A. He has a strong technical background in systems engineering and program management. Mr. Myers is also founder, President and CEO of Dolphin Capital Holdings, Inc, which owns, operates and leases business jet aircraft and does private equity investing in innovative enterprises. A serial entrepreneur, Mr. Myers has spearheaded a number of business innovations in aerospace & defense and in business aviation. He is a highly accomplished aviator.

Drew Bernstein

Mr. Bernstein was appointed to our Board of Directors in June 2009 and serves as Chairman of the Audit Committee. The Board of Directors has determined that Mr. Bernstein qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert” as defined in applicable SEC rules. Mr. Bernstein co-founded Bernstein & Pinchuk LLP (B&P) in 1983, a fast growing accounting firm headquartered in New York. His early recognition of the global marketplace and his extensive travel in China resulted in the aggressive expansion of the firm’s services to the PRC where he has established associate offices to better serve client needs. In addition, his diverse experience in retail, manufacturing, hospitality, professional practices and real estate contributed to the expansion of the firm’s client base abroad. He is a frequent speaker at industry, investment banking and university conferences. Mr. Bernstein provides business advisory and specialized auditing services to clients throughout Europe including the Czech Republic, France, Germany, Switzerland and in Israel.

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Mr. Bernstein serves as an accountant and advisor to numerous entities across the U.S. and China and has been responsible for more than 200 real estate transactions with an aggregate value in excess of US$3 billion. He is qualified to perform accounting and auditing services for public companies and has qualified as an expert witness. He is an active member of the board of directors and an officer of a prestigious foundation that was honored with the President’s Voluntary Action Award by the late President Ronald Reagan.

Mr. Bernstein received his BS degree from the University of Maryland Business School, is licensed in the State of New York, Connecticut, California, Texas and Maryland and is a member of the AICPA, the NYSSCPA and the NSA. Mr. Bernstein is the chairman of the audit committee for China Wind Systems, Inc. (OTCBB: CWSI.OB), a leading supplier of forged products and industrial equipment to the windpower and other industries in China.

Edward C. Geehr, M.D.

Dr. Geehr was appointed to our Board of Directors upon the consummation of the Merger in October 2009, at which time Dr. Geehr also was appointed to the Board’s Nominating Committee. Until 2009, Dr. Geehr served as Executive Vice President of Operations for Abraxis BioScience, where he was responsible for global commercial operations. Prior to joining Abraxis in 2008, Dr. Geehr served as President of Allez Spine, LLC in 2004, a developer, manufacturer and distributor of medical devices. Dr. Geehr was a co-founder and executive chairman of IPC — The Hospitalist Company (NasdaqGM: IPCM), which became a publicly-traded company in 2008. Dr. Geehr received his undergraduate degree from Yale University and his medical degree from Duke University. He trained in Emergency Medicine at UCLA and subsequently obtained Board certification. Dr. Geehr is the author of many scientific articles and books and held a faculty appointment at the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine.

Eric Wei

Pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, Eric Wei was appointed to our Board of Directors upon consummation of the Merger in October 2009. Eric Wei is one of the founders and the Managing Partner of RimAsia Capital Partners, L.P., a private equity firm focused on the pan-Asian mid-market sector. Prior to establishing RimAsia in January 2005, Mr. Wei was a managing director of Gilbert Global Equity Partners, a US$1.2 billion global private equity fund; a founding partner of Crimson Asia Capital Partners, a US$435 million Asian private equity program; a founder and investment committee member of the US$800 million Asian Infrastructure Fund, and an investor and director of The Asian MBO Fund. Mr. Wei has also previously been an investment banker with over 10 years of experience at Peregrine Capital, Prudential Securities, Lazard Freres and Citibank. Mr. Wei received a Bachelor of Science degree in Math and Economics from Amherst College and a Master of Business Administration degree from the Wharton Graduate School of Management at the University of Pennsylvania.

Shi Mingsheng

Pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, Shi Mingsheng will become a member of our Board of Directors upon receipt of all applicable PRC approvals in connection with the Merger. The PRC approvals were received and Mr. Shi will join the Board subject to appropriate Board action. Shi Mingsheng has been serving as chairman of the board of directors of Erye since 2003. Currently, Mr. Shi is also the chairman of EET. Prior to these affiliations, Mr. Shi served for five years as the assistant director of Suzhou No. 4 Pharmaceutical Limited Company, and seven years as the deputy director of Suzhou No. 4 Pharmaceutical Limited Company, and five years as the factory director of Suzhou No. 2 Pharmaceutical Limited Company, the predecessor company of Erye. Mr. Shi has a bachelor degree in Economics & Management from the Party School of the CPC. Mr. Shi holds a professional title of Senior Economist.

SIGNIFICANT ADVISORS:

Wayne Marasco, M.D., Ph.D. — Chairman, Scientific Advisory Board

Dr. Marasco, 56, is an Associate Professor in the Department of Cancer Immunology & AIDS at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Associate Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School. A former founding Director and Senior Scientific Advisor to us, in November 2006 he relinquished his position as Director to focus his efforts on heading and expanding our new Scientific Advisory Board. This transition

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became effective in January 2007. In addition, Dr. Marasco will assist our initiatives of establishing partnerships with leading academic institutions focused on stem cell therapies and translational research and will help us source stem cell-related intellectual property as appropriate. Dr. Marasco continues to advise us on identifying and engaging leading physicians and scientists who are innovators in using adult stem cell treatments in the fields of cardiology, radiation exposure, diabetes, blood cancer and other cancers, wound and burn healing, skeletal repair, and autoimmune disorders such as lupus, multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis.

Dr. Marasco is a licensed physician-scientist with training in internal medicine and specialty training in infectious diseases. His clinical practice sub-specialty is in the treatment of immunocompromised (cancer, bone marrow and solid organ transplant) patients. Dr. Marasco’s research laboratory is primarily focused on the areas of antibody engineering and gene therapy. New immuno- and genetic-therapies for HIV-1 infection/ AIDS, HTLV-1, the etiologic agent in Adult T-cell Leukemia, and other emerging infectious diseases such as SARS and Avian Influenza are being studied. Dr. Marasco’s laboratory is recognized internationally for its pioneering development of intracellular antibodies (sFv) or “intrabodies” as a new class of molecules for research and gene therapy applications. He is the author of more than 70 peer reviewed research publications, numerous chapters, books and monographs and has been an invited speaker at many national and international conferences in the areas of antibody engineering, gene therapy and AIDS. Dr. Marasco is also the Scientific Director of the National Foundation for Cancer Research Center for Therapeutic Antibody Engineering, or the Center. The Center is located at the Dana-Faber Cancer Institute and will work with investigators globally to develop new human monoclonal antibody drugs for the treatment of human cancers.

In 1995, Dr. Marasco founded IntraImmune Therapies, Inc., a gene therapy and antibody engineering company. He served as the Chairman of the Scientific Advisory Board until the company was acquired by Abgenix in 2000. He has also served as a scientific advisor to several biotechnology companies working in the field of antibody engineering, gene discovery and gene therapy. He is an inventor on numerous issued and pending patent applications.

Cai Jianqian — PRC Scientific Advisor

Cai Jianqian, 66, serves as our PRC Scientific Advisor pursuant to our Consulting Agreement with Shandong Life Science and Technology Research Institute, of which Ms. Cai is President. Ms. Cai Jianqian graduated from the Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and has held the positions of Chief of the Administration of Chinese Medicine of Shandong Province, standing Council Member of the China Association of Chinese Medicine, Chairman of the Medicated Diet Association, Member of the lecturer team on Chinese acupuncture and moxibustion, and Corporate Representative of the Shandong Provincial Association of Chinese Medicine. Ms. Cai held the governmental office responsible for the administration of the medical industry in the PRC for many years, was responsible for creating the development strategies and long-term and middle-term planning of the industry, and is considered by many to be instrumental in the continual improvement of the standards of medicine, education and research in the Chinese medicine industry. She was appointed in 1983 to head Chinese Medical Affairs of Shandong Province, and during her tenure the number of Chinese medicine hospitals in Shandong Province increased from eight to 150. In addition to being responsible for having established the Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine and the Shandong Academy of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, she has been consistently praised by the Ministry of Health and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for having made Shandong province one of the top ranked provinces in the PRC for Chinese medicine advancement.

Ms. Cai Jianqian is a Council member of the American General Medical Association as well as an editorial member of The Journal of American General Medicine. She is responsible for having established The Chinese Traditional Medicine Center in Chicago, two Chinese medicine hospitals in South Africa, twelve Chinese medicine outpatient clinics in Switzerland and the Chinese medicine rehabilitation centers in Poland and Russia.

Ms. Cai Jianqian has been extensively published in her field and is well regarded for her work in the research and development of new drugs, including the clinical study of complex diseases and acute illness, including cancer. She has been awarded an International MD and is certified by the International Open

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Traditional Medicine University & Institute of Medical Science of the United Nations, and the International Association of Traditional Medicine in Colombo in 1999.

Compensation of Named Executive Officers

The following table sets forth information concerning the annual and long-term compensation of our Chief Executive Officer and the other named executive officers, for services as executive officers for the last two fiscal years.*

Summary Compensation Table:

Name and Principal Function		Year				Salary				Bonus				Stock Awards(1)				Option Awards(1)				All Other Compensation				Total Compensation(21)
Robin L. Smith, Chief Executive Officer			2008			$	261,893	(2)		$	250,000	(3)		$	76,998	(4)		$	160,609	(5)		$	23,528	(6)		$	773,028
			2007			$	250,420			$	187,500	(7)		$	186,502	(4)(8)		$	1,249,495	(9)		$	22,440	(10)		$	1,896,357
Mark Weinreb, President**			2008			$	210,000			$	30,000			$	0	(11)		$	347,294	(12)		$	32,167	(13)		$	619,461
			2007			$	201,455			$	32,397			$	132,004	(11)		$	79,395	(14)		$	30,326	(15)		$	475,577
Catherine M. Vaczy, Vice President and General Counsel			2008			$	167,722	(16)		$	10,000	(7)		$	74,247	(17)		$	155,509	(18)		$	11,500	(19)		$	418,977
			2007			$	148,156			$	55,000	(7)		$	136,128	(17)		$	183,375	(20)		$	11,250	(19)		$	533,909

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OUTSTANDING EQUITY AWARDS AT FISCAL YEAR-END

The following table* sets forth information on option and stock awards outstanding at December 31, 2008 for NeoStem’s Named Executive Officers.

		Option Awards**																Stock Awards**
Name		Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options # Exercisable				Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options # Unexercisable				Option Exercise Price***				Option Expiration Date				Number of Shares or Units of Stock that have not vested				Market Value of Shares or Units of Stock that have not vested
Robin L. Smith			10,000	(1)(47)						$	5.30				June 1, 2016				0			$	0
			10,000	(1)(47)						$	8.00				June 1, 2016				—				—
			10,000	(1)(47)						$	10.00				June 1, 2016				—				—
			12,000	(2)(47)						$	16.00				June 1, 2016				—				—
			12,000	(3)(47)						$	25.00				June 1, 2016				—				—
			10,000	(4)						$	6.00				Dec. 4, 2016				—				—
			5,000	(5)						$	6.00				Dec. 4, 2016				—				—
			55,000	(6)						$	5.00				Jan. 17, 2017
			150,000	(7)						$	4.95				Sept. 26, 2017
							100,000	(8)		$	4.95				Sept. 26, 2017
			40,000	(9)						$	1.63				Feb. 26, 2018
							30,000	(10)		$	1.63				Feb. 26, 2018
			30,000	(11)						$	1.63				Feb. 26, 2018
			20,000	(12)(48)						$	1.63				Feb. 26, 2018
			5,000	(13)						$	1.13				Oct. 30, 2018
Mark Weinreb****			25,000	(14)(47)						$	3.00				Feb. 5, 2013				0			$	0
			500	(15)						$	10.00				Sept. 13, 2014				—				—
			40,000	(16)(47)						$	6.00				July 19, 2015				—				—
			15,000	(17)						$	5.30				June 1, 2016				—				—
			5,000	(18)						$	6.00				Dec. 4, 2016				—				—
			10,000	(19)						$	6.00				Dec. 4, 2016				—				—
							5,000	(20)		$	6.00				Dec. 4, 2016				—				—
			10,000	(21)						$	4.95				Sept. 26, 2017
			30,000	(22)						$	4.95				Sept. 26, 2017
							10,000	(23)		$	4.95				Sept. 26, 2017
			25,000	(24)						$	1.63				Feb. 26, 2018
							10,000	(25)		$	1.63				Feb. 26, 2018
			10,000	(26)						$	1.63				Feb. 26, 2018
			5,000	(27)						$	1.63				Feb. 26, 2018
			5,000	(28)						$	1.63				Feb. 26, 2018
			20,000	(29)(48)						$	1.63				Feb. 26, 2018
			5,000	(30)(48)						$	1.63				Feb. 26, 2018
							40,000	(31)		$	1.63				Feb. 26, 2018
							5,000	(32)		$	1.13				Oct. 30, 2018

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		Option Awards**																Stock Awards**
Name		Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options # Exercisable				Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options # Unexercisable				Option Exercise Price***				Option Expiration Date				Number of Shares or Units of Stock that have not vested				Market Value of Shares or Units of Stock that have not vested
Catherine M. Vaczy			1,500	(33)						$	10.00				Apr. 19, 2015				0			$	0
			7,500	(34)(47)						$	6.00				July 19, 2015				—				—
			2,000	(35)(47)						$	6.00				Dec. 21, 2015				—				—
			10,000	(36)						$	5.30				June 1, 2016				—				—
			5,000	(37)						$	6.00				Dec. 4, 2016				—				—
			10,000	(38)						$	6.00				Dec. 4, 2016				—				—
			15,000	(39)						$	4.95				Sept. 26, 2017
			10,000	(40)						$	4.95				Sept. 26, 2017
							10,000	(41)		$	4.95				Sept. 26, 2017
			12,000	(42)						$	1.70				Dec. 18, 2017
			10,000	(43)						$	1.63				Feb. 26, 2018
							10,000	(44)		$	1.63				Feb. 26, 2018
			16,000	(45)						$	1.63				Feb. 26, 2018
			5,000	(46)						$	1.13				Oct. 30, 2018

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On October 30, 2009, we amended our 2003 Equity Participation Plan (the “2003 Plan”) to grant our Board of Directors or an appropriate committee thereof the authority to reprice options, (ii) a one-time repricing of the exercise price of certain options and warrants to purchase shares of our Common Stock, or the Repricing, and (iii) giving the Board of Directors or an appropriate committee thereof discretion to issue certain cash or equity awards in connection with the Repricing.

On October 30, 2009, we implemented the Repricing. We repriced an aggregate of 754,250 outstanding options (of which 500,500 were held by executive officers and none were held by non-employee directors) with a range of exercise prices from $2.39 to $25.00 to a strike price of $1.90 (the closing price of a share of our common stock on the NYSE Amex on the date of the repricing). The following outstanding stock options held by our principal executive officer, principal financial officer and named executive officers were amended to reduce the strike price to $1.90: (i) for Robin L. Smith, an aggregate of 374,000 options with exercise prices ranging from $4.95 to $25.00; (ii) for Catherine M. Vaczy, an aggregate of 71,000 options with exercise prices ranging from $4.95 to $10.00; and (iii) for Larry A. May, an aggregate of 55,500 options with exercise prices ranging from $4.95 to $18.00. We also repriced privately issued warrants (warrants issued other than to the public or the underwriters in our August 2007 public offering) to purchase approximately 1,203,890 shares of Common Stock with exercise prices ranging from $4.00 to $8.00, to a range of approximately $3.82 to $6.81. Certain of our named executive officers are holders of warrants to purchase shares of our common

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stock at $8.00 per share for which their exercise prices were reduced to approximately $6.18 per share. An aggregate of 27,427 of such warrants are held by named executive officers in the following quantities: Robin L. Smith (25,427) and Catherine M. Vaczy (2,000); and an aggregate of 34,092 of such warrants are held by two non-employee directors

Employment Agreements

This section contains a description of the employment agreements we have (or had during the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2008) with the officers named in the Summary Compensation Table, as amended through November 4, 2009. The descriptions to follow provide further information about the compensation that is shown in the Summary Compensation Table for these officers. They also give you information about payments that could be received by these officers under certain circumstances at such time as their employment ends with us, for example, certain severance arrangements. All numbers in the descriptions have been adjusted (as appropriate) to reflect both the one-for-ten reverse stock split which was effective as of August 31, 2006 and the one-for-ten reverse stock split which was effective as of August 9, 2007.

The employment agreements for members of our management (including Mr. Weinreb and Ms. Vaczy but excluding the Chief Executive Officer) expired between December 31, 2008 and January 19, 2009. However, we have continued to compensate these individuals based on their base salary, stated bonus and employee benefits that would otherwise be due to such individuals under such agreements and effective July 8, 2009, Ms. Vaczy’s employment agreement was extended subject to certain different and additional terms. Mr. Weinreb resigned as our President effective October 2, 2009. For a description of the Separation Agreement and General Release entered into between us and Mr. Weinreb, please see the discussion under the heading “Post-Employment Payments — Mark Weinreb,” below.

Robin L. Smith — Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board

On May 26, 2006, we entered into an employment agreement with Dr. Robin L. Smith, pursuant to which Dr. Smith serves as our Chief Executive Officer. This agreement was for a period of two years, which term could be renewed for successive one-year terms unless otherwise terminated by Dr. Smith or us. The effective date of Dr. Smith’s employment agreement was June 2, 2006, the date of the initial closing under the securities purchase agreement for the June 2006 private placement. Under this agreement, Dr. Smith was entitled to receive a base salary of $180,000 per year, to be increased to $236,000 after the first year anniversary of the effective date of her employment agreement. If we raised an aggregate of $5,000,000 through equity or debt financing (with the exception of the financing under the securities purchase agreement), Dr. Smith’s base salary was to be raised to $275,000. Dr. Smith was also eligible for an annual bonus determined by the Board, a car allowance of $1,000 per month and variable life insurance with payments not to exceed $1,200 per month. Pursuant to the employment agreement, Dr. Smith’s advisory agreement with us, as supplemented, was terminated, except that (i) the vesting of the warrant to purchase 2,400 shares of our common stock granted thereunder was accelerated so that the warrant became fully vested as of the effective date of the employment agreement, (ii) Dr. Smith received $100,000 in cash and 10,000 shares upon the initial closing under a 2006 private placement, (iii) if an aggregate of at least $3,000,000 was raised and/or other debt or equity financings prior to August 15, 2006 (as amended, August 31, 2006), Dr. Smith was to receive an additional payment of $50,000, (iv) a final payment of $3,000 relating to services rendered in connection with Dr. Smith’s advisory agreement, paid at the closing of the 2006 private placement, and (v) all registration rights provided in the advisory agreement were to continue in effect.

As of August 30, 2006, in excess of $3,000,000 had been raised and accordingly, Dr. Smith was entitled to a payment of $50,000. Dr. Smith elected to have $30,000 of this amount distributed to certain of our employees, including its Chief Financial Officer and General Counsel, in recognition of their efforts on our behalf and retained $20,000. Upon the effective date of the Employment Agreement, Dr. Smith was awarded under our 2003 Equity Participation Plan 20,000 shares of our common stock, and options to purchase 54,000 shares of our common stock, which options expire ten years from the date of grant.

On January 26, 2007, in connection with the January 2007 private placement, we entered into a letter agreement with Dr. Smith, pursuant to which Dr. Smith’s employment agreement dated as of May 26, 2006 was amended to provide that: (a) the term of her employment would be extended to December 31, 2010;

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(b) upon the first closings in the January 2007 private placement, Dr. Smith’s base salary would be increased to $250,000; (c) her base salary would be increased by 10% on each one year anniversary of the agreement; (d) no cash bonus would be paid to Dr. Smith for 2007; and (e) cash bonuses and stock awards under our 2003 Equity Participation Plan would be fixed at the end of 2007 for 2008, in an amount to be determined. Other than as set forth therein, Dr. Smith’s original employment agreement and all amendments thereto remain in full force and effect. As consideration for her agreement to substantially extend her employment term, among other agreements contained in this amendment, on January 18, 2007 Dr. Smith was also granted an option under our 2003 Equity Participation Plan to purchase 55,000 shares of our common stock at a per share exercise price equal to $5.00 vesting as to (i) 25,000 shares upon the first closings in the January 2007 private placement; (ii) 15,000 shares on June 30, 2007; and (iii) 15,000 shares on December 31, 2007.

Effective as of September 27, 2007, we entered into a letter agreement with Dr. Smith, pursuant to which Dr. Smith’s employment agreement dated as of May 26, 2006 and amended as of January 26, 2007, was further amended to provide that: (a) Dr. Smith’s base salary would be increased to $275,000 (the amount to which Dr. Smith would have been entitled under her original employment agreement prior to her agreement on January 26, 2007 to accept a reduced salary of $250,000); (b) her base salary would be increased by 10% on each one-year anniversary of the agreement; (c) a cash bonus of $187,500 (an amount equal to 75% of her base salary) would be paid October 1, 2007; (d) Dr. Smith’s bonus for 2008 was set in the amount of $250,000 (an amount equal to 100% of her base salary) to be paid October 1, 2008; and (e) we agreed to pay membership and annual fees for a club in New York of Dr. Smith’s choice for business entertaining and meetings. Other than as set forth therein, Dr. Smith’s original employment agreement and all amendments thereto remain in full force and effect.

On January 9, 2008, we entered into a letter agreement with Dr. Smith, pursuant to which Dr. Smith’s employment agreement dated as of May 26, 2006 and amended as of January 26, 2007 and September 27, 2007 was further amended to provide that, in response to our efforts to conserve cash, Dr. Smith would be paid $50,000 of her 2008 salary in shares of our common stock, net of shares in payment of applicable withholding taxes valued at the closing price of our common stock on the date of issuance. Accordingly, Dr. Smith was issued 16,574 shares of our common stock pursuant to our 2003 Equity Participation Plan which was based on a price per share of $1.70, the closing price of our common stock on the date of approval by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. The cash component of her salary for 2008 was $225,000.

On August 29, 2008, we entered into a letter agreement with Dr. Smith, pursuant to which, in response to our efforts to conserve cash, Dr. Smith agreed to accept shares of our common stock in lieu of unpaid accrued salary. Dr. Smith agreed to accept in lieu of $24,437.50 in unpaid salary accrued during the period July 15, 2008 through August 31, 2008, 33,941 shares of our common stock. The number of shares so issued was based on $0.72, the closing price of our common stock on the date of approval by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors, for which we agreed to pay total withholding taxes. All such shares were issued under our 2003 Equity Participation Plan. In connection therewith, the vesting of 15,000 shares of our common stock granted to Dr. Smith under the 2003 Equity Participation Plan on September 27, 2007 was accelerated from September 27, 2008 to August 28, 2008.

Effective July 1, 2009, the cash component of Dr. Smith’s annual salary was increased to $302,500. On July 29, 2009, we amended the terms of our employment agreement with Dr. Smith by means of a letter agreement to extend the term of Dr. Smith’s employment to December 31, 2011 and subject to consummation of the Merger, awarded to Dr Smith a $275,000 cash bonus for 2009 and comparable minimum annual bonuses for 2010 and 2011. As of November 15, 2009, Dr. Smith had been paid $50,000 of the bonus for 2009.

We maintain key-man life insurance on Dr. Smith in the amount of $3,000,000. As of October 29, 2009, The Compensation Committee of the Board approved the reimbursement to Dr. Smith of premiums, up to $4,000 annually, for disability insurance covering Dr. Smith.

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Mark Weinreb — President through October 2, 2009

Mr. Weinreb resigned as our President effective October 2, 2009. For a description of the Separation Agreement and General Release entered into between us and Mr. Weinreb, please see the discussion under the heading “Post-Employment Payments — Mark Weinreb,” below.

Catherine M. Vaczy — Vice President and General Counsel

On April 20, 2005, we entered into a letter agreement with Catherine M. Vaczy pursuant to which Ms. Vaczy served as our Vice President and General Counsel. The term of this original agreement was three years. In consideration for Ms. Vaczy’s services under the letter agreement, Ms. Vaczy was entitled to receive an annual salary of $155,000 during the first year of the term, a minimum annual salary of $170,500 during the second year of the term, and a minimum annual salary of $187,550 during the third year of the term. On the date of the letter agreement, Ms. Vaczy was granted an option to purchase 1,500 shares of our common stock pursuant to our 2003 Equity Participation Plan, with an exercise price equal to $10.00 per share. The option was to vest and become exercisable as to 500 shares on each of the first, second and third year anniversaries of the date of the agreement and remain exercisable as to any vested portion thereof in accordance with the terms of our 2003 Equity Participation Plan and our Incentive Stock Option Agreement. Pursuant to and as a condition of the closing of a 2006 private placement, Ms. Vaczy entered into a letter agreement with us in which she agreed to convert $44,711 in accrued salary (after giving effect to employment taxes which were paid by us) into 6,097 shares of our common stock at a per share price equal to $4.40 (the price of the shares being sold in the 2006 private placement). Ms. Vaczy further agreed to a reduction in her base salary by 25% until the achievement by us of certain milestones. In consideration for such compensation concessions, the vesting of the option to purchase 1,500 shares of our common stock was accelerated such that it became fully vested as of June 2, 2006, the date of the closing of the 2006 private placement.

On January 26, 2007, we entered into another letter agreement with Ms. Vaczy pursuant to which Ms. Vaczy continues to serve as our Vice President and General Counsel. This agreement superseded Ms. Vaczy’s employment agreement dated as of April 20, 2005 and all amendments thereto. Subject to the terms and conditions of the letter agreement, the term of Ms. Vaczy’s employment in such capacity would continue through December 31, 2008. In consideration for her services under the letter agreement, Ms. Vaczy was entitled to receive a minimum annual salary of $150,000 during 2007 (such amount being 20% less than the annual salary to which Ms. Vaczy would have been entitled commencing April 20, 2007 pursuant to the terms of her original employment agreement) and a minimum annual salary of $172,500 during 2008.

In consideration for such salary concessions and agreement to extension of her employment term, Ms. Vaczy was also entitled to receive a cash bonus upon the occurrence of each of the following milestones: (a) $5,000 upon the first closings in the January 2007 private placement; and (b) $7,500 upon the next registration statement (other than a Form S-8) being declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission. Ms. Vaczy was also eligible for additional cash bonuses as follows, in each case as may be approved by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors: (a) for other tasks and responsibilities as mutually agreed, such as foundation legal counsel; (b) pursuant to milestones for 2008 as set no later than December 31, 2007 by Ms. Vaczy and our Chief Executive Officer, which the Chief Executive Officer shall recommend to the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors for their vote thereon; and (c) as may be approved from time to time.

Ms. Vaczy was also entitled to payment or reimbursement of certain expenses (including a car allowance equal to $1,000 per month) incurred by her in connection with the performance of her duties and obligations under the letter agreement, and to participate in any incentive and employee benefit plans or programs which may be offered by us and in all other plans in which us executives participate.

On January 9, 2008, we entered into a letter agreement with Ms. Vaczy, pursuant to which Ms. Vaczy’s employment agreement dated as of January 26, 2007 was amended to provide that, in response to our efforts to conserve cash, Ms. Vaczy would be paid $11,250 of her 2008 salary in shares of our common stock. Accordingly, Ms. Vaczy was issued 3,729 shares of our common stock pursuant to our 2003 Equity

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Participation Plan which was based on a price per share of $1.70, the closing price of our common stock on the date of approval by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. The cash component of her salary for 2008 will be $161,250.

On August 29, 2008, we entered into a letter agreement with Ms. Vaczy, pursuant to which, in response to our efforts to conserve cash, Ms. Vaczy agreed to accept shares of our common stock in lieu of unpaid accrued salary. Ms. Vaczy agreed to accept in lieu of $10,578.50 in unpaid salary accrued during the period July 15, 2008 through August 31, 2008, 14,692 shares of our common stock. The number of shares so issued was based on $0.72, the closing price of our common stock on the date of approval by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors, for which we agreed to pay total withholding taxes. All such shares were issued under our 2003 Equity Participation Plan. In connection therewith, the vesting of 22,500 shares of Common Stock granted to Ms. Vaczy under the 2003 Equity Participation Plan on September 27, 2007 was accelerated from September 27, 2008 to August 28, 2008.

Ms. Vaczy’s January 26, 2007 employment agreement, as amended on January 9, 2008 and August 29, 2008, or the Original Agreement, expired by its terms on December 31, 2008. However, effective July 8, 2009, we entered into another letter agreement, or the Extension, with Ms. Vaczy pursuant to which the Original Agreement was extended, subject to certain different and additional terms. The Extension provides that Ms. Vaczy’s base salary during the one-year term will be $182,500. The Extension additionally provides for (i) a 25,000 share stock award upon execution under the 2009 Plan where we also pay the associated payroll taxes; (ii) a $5,000 cash bonus upon each of two milestone objectives established by the Board of Directors; (iii) an option granted on the effective date of the Extension under the 2009 Plan to purchase 200,000 shares of our common stock which shall vest and become exercisable as to 100,000 shares on July 8, 2009 and as to the remaining 100,000 shares upon stockholder approval of the Merger; and (iv) an option to purchase 100,000 shares of our common stock to be granted on the date the stockholders approve the Merger and the expansion of the 2009 Plan option pool, such option to vest and become exercisable on July 8, 2010. The Extension provided that the options granted in connection with the Extension, as well as other options granted or to be granted to Ms. Vaczy, shall remain exercisable despite any termination of employment for a period of not less than two years from the date of termination of employment. The per share exercise prices of the options to be granted pursuant to the Extension shall equal the closing price of our common stock on the date of grant. The Extension provides that Ms. Vaczy must give us 60 days notice in the event she resigns. Any severance payments set forth in the Original Agreement to which Ms. Vaczy may become entitled shall be based on Ms. Vaczy’s then salary for a three month and not an annual period.

As of October 29, 2009, the Compensation Committee of our Board (i) awarded Ms. Vaczy a $50,000 cash bonus, 50% of which is payable currently and the remaining 50% is payable upon the achievement of a business milestone, (ii) increased Ms. Vaczy’s salary from $182,500 to $191,000 effective as of November 1, 2009, and (iii) approved the payment of dues to a private club of Ms. Vaczy’s choosing (not to exceed $6,000 annually).

As of November 4, 2009, the Board of Directors approved a grant to Ms. Vaczy, as the Secretary of the Board of Directors, for each year that she serves as Secretary, options to purchase 100,000 shares of our common stock. These options shall vest as to 33,333 shares on each of the first and second anniversary of the date of grant and as to the remaining 33,334 shares on the third anniversary of the date of grant. The exercise price of options shall be equal to the closing price of a share of our common stock on the date of grant.

Additional Equity Awards to Executive Officers in 2009 Related to the Merger

On October 29, 2009, upon shareholder approval of the Merger and the increase in the shares available under the 2009 Plan, we issued options to purchase an aggregate of 1,360,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $2.04 per share (the closing price of a share of our common stock on the NYSE Amex on the date of grant) to its officers, directors, employees and consultants, of which 1,200,000 were issued to executive officers and none were issued to non-employee directors. Of such options, we issued the following awards to its principal executive officer, principal financial officer and named executive officers: (i) to Robin L. Smith, our Chairman and CEO, an option to purchase 750,000 shares, scheduled to vest as to 250,000 shares on the achievement of a specified business milestone, as to an additional 250,000 shares on July 8, 2010 and as to the remaining 250,000 shares on July 8, 2011; (ii) to Catherine M. Vaczy, our Vice President

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and General Counsel, an option to purchase 100,000 shares which vests in its entirety on July 8, 2010; and (iii) to Larry A. May, our CFO, an option to purchase 150,000 shares, which vested upon grant.

On October 30, 2009, upon the closing of the Merger, we issued options to purchase an aggregate of 500,000 shares of common stock to our officers, directors, consultants and advisors, of which 200,000 were issued to executive officers and 150,000 were issued to non-employee directors. In addition, upon the closing of the Merger, we issued the following equity awards: (i) to Robin L. Smith, 175,000 shares and (ii) to Catherine M. Vaczy, 150,000 shares. Such shares of our Common Stock were granted in accordance with the terms of the Merger Agreement which provided that the Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors has the authority to grant as bonuses in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Merger, in its discretion, up to an aggregate of 1,000,000 shares, or options to purchase up to 1,000,000 shares of our Common Stock, in any combination, under any equity compensation plan (“Merger Bonus” shares).

On October 30, 2009, we effected option awards pursuant and subject to the our 2009 Equity Compensation Plan and stockholder approval in connection with the option Repricing, to officers, directors, employees, consultants and advisors to purchase an aggregate of 562,274 shares of common stock (of which 325,109 were awarded to executive officers and 26,774 were awarded to non-employee directors) at an exercise price of $1.90 (the closing price of a share of our common stock on the date of grant), and an aggregate of approximately $201,000 in cash awards which may be paid upon the achievement of business milestones. Of such options, we issued the following awards to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer and named executive officers: (i) to Robin L. Smith, our Chairman and CEO, an option to purchase 229,678 shares, which vested upon grant; (ii) to Catherine M. Vaczy, our Vice President and General Counsel, an option to purchase 53,955 shares, which vested upon grant; and (iii) to Larry A. May, our CFO, an option to purchase 41,476 shares, which vested as to 31,620 shares on the grant date and an aggregate of 9,856 shares will vest upon the achievement of business milestones.

Indemnification Agreements

As of October 2, 2009, we entered into indemnification agreements with our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, General Counsel, certain other employees and each of its directors pursuant to which we have agreed to indemnify such party to the full extent permitted by law, subject to certain exceptions, if such party becomes subject to an action because such party is our director, officer, employee, agent or fiduciary.

Post Employment Payments

Robin L. Smith

Per Dr. Smith’s January 26, 2007 letter agreement with us, upon our termination of Dr. Smith’s employment without cause or by Dr. Smith with good reason, we were to pay to Dr. Smith her base salary at the time of termination for the two-year period following such termination. Dr. Smith’s September 27, 2007 letter agreement provides that such payment of severance can be made instead in 12 equal monthly installments beginning the date of termination. In addition, per Dr. Smith’s May 26, 2006 employment agreement, upon our termination of Dr. Smith’s employment without cause or by Dr. Smith for good reason, Dr. Smith shall be entitled to: (i) a pro-rata bonus based on the annual bonus received for the prior year; (ii) COBRA payments for a one year period; and (iii) have all vested options, as well as all options which would have vested during the 12-month period following the date of termination, become fully vested and remain exercisable for a maximum of 48 months (but in no event longer than the original term of exercise). Upon our termination of Dr. Smith’s employment for cause or by Dr. Smith without good reason, Dr. Smith shall be entitled to: (i) the payment of all amounts due for services rendered under the agreement up until the termination date; and (ii) have all vested options remain exercisable for a period of ninety days (all stock options which have not vested shall be forfeited). Upon termination for death or disability, Dr. Smith (or her estate) shall be entitled to: (i) the payment of all amounts due for services rendered under the agreement until the termination date; (ii) family COBRA payments for the applicable term; and (ii) have all vested options, as well as all options which would have vested during the 12-month period following the date of termination, become fully vested and remain exercisable for a maximum of 48 months (but in no event longer than the original term of exercise).

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Upon a change in our control, per Dr. Smith’s May 26, 2006 employment agreement, Dr. Smith shall be entitled to: (i) the payment of base salary for one year; (ii) a pro-rata bonus based on the annual bonus received for the prior year; (iii) COBRA payments for a one year period; and (iv) have all vested options, as well as all options which would have vested during the 12-month period following the date of termination, become fully vested and remain exercisable for a maximum of 48 months (but in no event longer than the original term of exercise).

Mark Weinreb

Effective October 2, 2009, or the Termination Date, Mark Weinreb resigned as our President. In connection with Mr. Weinreb’s resignation, we and Mr. Weinreb entered into a Separation Agreement and General Release (the “Separation Agreement”). Under the terms of the Separation Agreement, we will (i) continue to pay Mr. Weinreb’s regular salary of $17,500 per month through December 31, 2009; (ii) pay Mr. Weinreb a bonus of $32,500 ($7,500 of which was his standard quarterly bonus); and (iii) make COBRA payments for a period of one year on Mr. Weinreb’s behalf for himself and his family. All unvested options to purchase our common stock shall be forfeited as of the Termination Date, except that options to purchase an aggregate of 20,000 shares of our common stock (half at an exercise price of $4.95 and the balance at $1.63) were not to be forfeited and were vested in accordance with their terms upon the completion of the Merger. The Separation Agreement contains other customary terms and provisions, including mutual releases and non-disparagement provisions, as well as remedies for breaches of the Agreement and the Covenant Agreement.

Mr. Weinreb’s outstanding options issued under our 2003 Equity Participation Plan, or the 2003 Plan, were re-priced on October 30, 2009 to an exercise price of $1.90, which was the fair market value on the date of the Repricing, to the extent that the exercise prices of such options exceeded fair market value on the date of the Repricing. All of Mr. Weinreb’s outstanding options will be amended so that the period during which he may exercise a vested option ends on the earlier of: (i) the original expiration date of each such option; (ii) the second anniversary of the Termination Date; and (iii) the date on which we determine in good faith that Mr. Weinreb has violated the terms of a previously-executed Employee Confidentiality, Invention Assignment and Non-Compete Agreement, or the Covenant Agreement; provided that we agreed that an option to purchase 100,000 shares at $1.95 issued under the our 2009 Equity Compensation Plan (the “2009 Plan”) will remain exercisable for its original ten year term unless clause (iii), above, is applicable. Mr. Weinreb remains subject to the terms of a November 2, 2008 Lock-Up and Voting Agreement, which provides that he may not sell any shares of our common stock for a period of six months following the closing of the Merger; provided, that subject to the approval of CBH, commencing December 1, 2009, Mr. Weinreb may sell up to 30,000 shares of our common stock per calendar month in accordance with applicable securities laws.

Catherine M. Vaczy

Pursuant to Ms. Vaczy’s January 26, 2007 letter agreement, and the Extension, effective July 2009, upon our termination of Ms. Vaczy’s employment prior to the end of the term without cause or by Ms. Vaczy with good reason, any severance payments in the Original Agreement to which Ms. Vaczy may become entitled shall be based on Ms. Vaczy’s then salary for a three-month and not an annual period. In addition, the Extension provides that the options provided for in the Extension, as well as other options granted or to be granted to Ms. Vaczy, shall remain exercisable despite any termination of employment for a period of not less than two years from the date of termination of employment. The per share exercise prices of the options to be granted pursuant to the Extension shall equal the closing price of our common stock on the date of grant.

GENERAL INFORMATION ON DIRECTOR COMPENSATION

Directors who are employees of ours do not receive additional cash compensation for serving as directors. Independent (non-employee) directors of ours are reimbursed for out-of-pocket travel expenses incurred in their capacity as our directors. Pursuant to our 2003 Equity Participation Plan, all directors (including independent directors) are eligible to receive equity awards. Stock awards and option awards granted (or vesting) during 2008 to our independent directors are reflected in the table and accompanying footnotes above.

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The following table* sets forth information on all compensation to our non-employee directors for the year ended December 31, 2008.

Name		Year				Fees Earned or Paid in Cash				Stock Awards(1)				Option Awards(1)				All Other Compensation				Total
Richard Berman			2008				—			$	201,524	(2)		$	51,338	(5)			—			$	252,862
Steven Myers			2008				—			$	88,385	(3)		$	51,338	(6)			—			$	139,723
Joseph Zuckerman, MD			2008				—			$	49,494	(4)		$	51,338	(7)			—			$	100,836

13,333 shares on November 15, 2006, 13,333 shares on November 15, 2007 and 13,334 on November 15, 2008. At December 31, 2008, Mr. Berman had a total of 115,000 shares in stock awards outstanding, all of which were vested.

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On November 4, 2009, the Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors approved a compensation plan for the Board of Directors, or the Board of Directors Compensation Plan. The Board of Directors Compensation Plan provides that each year each Board member shall be authorized to receive options to purchase 150,000 shares of our common stock for his or her service as a Board member. These options shall vest as to 50,000 shares on each of the first, second and third anniversaries of the date of grant. The Board of Directors Compensation Plan further provides that each year Chairs of the Board, Chairs of a Board Committee and members of the Board of Directors of any of our subsidiaries shall be authorized to receive options to purchase 50,000 shares of our common stock for his or her service as a Chair of the Board or a Committee of the Board or as a member of the Board of any of our subsidiaries. These options shall vest as to 16,667 shares of our common stock on each of the first and second anniversary of the date of grant and as to the remaining 16,666 shares of our common stock on the third anniversary of the date of grant. In each case, the exercise price of options authorized pursuant to the Board of Directors Compensation Plan shall be equal to the closing price of a share of our common stock on the date of grant. Under the Board of Directors Compensation Plan, commencing January 1, 2010, non-employee directors are also entitled to cash fees equal to $15,000, which fees shall be payable quarterly in arrears.

On November 4, 2009, pursuant to the Board of Directors Compensation Plan, the Compensation Committee approved the following grants. The closing price of our common stock on November 4, 2009 was $1.66. The grants set forth in the chart below were issued under our 2009 Equity Compensation Plan, and are subject to the vesting schedules applicable to the Board of Directors Compensation Plan.

Name		Option Award for Board Service				Option Award for Service as Chair of Board or Committee of or Member of Board of Subsidiary				Option Award for Board Secretary
Robin Smith, CEO and Director			150,000				50,000
Richard Berman, Director			150,000				50,000
Drew Bernstein, Director			150,000				50,000
Steven Myers, Director			150,000				50,000
Eric Wei, Director			150,000				50,000
Catherine Vaczy, Secretary and General Counsel											100,000

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CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Director Independence

The Board of Directors has determined that Messrs. Myers, Berman, and Bernstein and Dr. Geehr are independent applying the definition of independence under the listing standards of the NYSE Amex and SEC regulations. The Board has determined that Dr. Smith and Mr. Wei are not independent. The Board of Directors has further determined that Mr. Shi Mingsheng will not be independent.

Term of Directors

We have a classified Board of Directors. Our Board of Directors consists of three separate classes of directors, as nearly equal in number as possible, with each respective class to serve a three-year term and until their successors are duly elected and qualified. The classes are elected on a rotating or staggered basis, with each class being elected at the annual stockholder meeting coinciding with the expiration of that class’s term. Pursuant to the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, if a board of directors is classified, unless the certificate of incorporation otherwise provides, members of the board of directors may be removed by the stockholders before the expiration of their terms only for cause. For further information, see “Anti-Takeover Effects of Certain Provisions of Delaware Law and our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws — Classified Board of Directors,” below.

Committees

Our Board of Directors has established an Audit Committee, a Compensation Committee and a Nominating and Governance Committee. Each Committee has only independent directors as members.

Audit Committee

The Audit Committee consists of three directors: Mssrs. Bernstein (chairman), Myers and Berman. Each member of the committee is independent applying the definition of independence under the listing standards of the NYSE Amex and SEC regulations. The Audit Committee meets at least four times during the year. The Board has determined that Mr. Bernstein qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert” as defined by Item 407(d)(5)(ii) of Regulation S-B.

Pursuant to the terms of the Audit Committee charter, our Audit Committee is required to consist of at least three of our “independent” directors and shall serve at the pleasure of the Board of Directors. An “independent” director is defined as an individual who (a) is not our officer or salaried employee or an affiliate, (b) does not have any relationship that, in the opinion of the Board of Directors, would interfere with his or her exercise of independent judgment as an Audit Committee member, (c) meets the independence requirements of the SEC and the NYSE Amex or such other securities exchange or market on which our securities are traded and (d) except as permitted by the SEC and the NYSE Amex or such other securities exchange or market on which our securities are traded, does not accept any consulting, advisory or other compensatory fee from us.

The Audit Committee has a charter that requires the committee to oversee our accounting and financial reporting process, our system of internal controls regarding finance, accounting, legal compliance and ethics, and the audits of our financial statements. The primary duties of the Audit Committee consist of, among other things:

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Compensation Committee

Our Compensation Committee consists of three directors: Mssrs. Berman (chairman), Myers and Bernstein. Each such member of the Compensation Committee is independent applying the definition of independence under the listing standards of the NYSE Amex and SEC regulations. The Compensation Committee meets at least two times during each year.

Each member of our Compensation Committee must (i) be one of our independent directors satisfying the independence requirements of the NYSE Amex and other applicable regulatory requirements; (ii) qualify as an “outside director” under Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code, as amended; and (iii) meet the requirements of a “non-employee director” for purposes of Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

The Compensation Committee oversees the determination of all matters relating to employee compensation and benefits and specifically reviews and approves salaries, bonuses and equity-based compensation for our executive officers.

We have adopted a Compensation Committee charter which outlines the Compensation Committee’s primary duties which are to:

The Compensation Committee may form and delegate its authority to subcommittees as appropriate. Additionally, the Chief Executive Officer may make recommendations to the Compensation Committee relating to executive and director compensation.

Nominating Committee

Our Nominating Committee consists of three directors: Mssrs. Myers (chairman), Berman and Geehr. The Nominating Committee is empowered by the Board of Directors to recommend to the Board of Directors qualified individuals to serve on our Board of Directors and to identify the manner in which the Nominating Committee evaluates nominees recommended for the Board. All members of the Nominating Committee of the Board of Directors have been determined to be “independent directors” pursuant to the definition contained in the rules of the NYSE Amex and SEC regulations. Our Board of Directors has adopted a Nominating Committee charter to govern the Nominating Committee.

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The charter and guidelines developed by the Nominating Committee describe the minimum qualifications for nominees and the qualities or skills that are necessary for directors to possess. Each nominee, among other factors listed in the Committee’s guidelines:

Our Board of Directors believes we are well-served by our current directors. In the ordinary course, absent special circumstances or a material change in the criteria for Board of Directors membership, the Board of Directors will renominate incumbent directors who continue to be qualified for Board service and are willing to continue as directors. If an incumbent director is not standing for re-election, if a vacancy on the Board of Directors occurs between annual stockholder meetings or if our Board of Directors believes it is in our best interests to expand its size, the Board of Directors may seek out potential candidates for Board appointment who meet the criteria for selection as a nominee and have the specific qualities or skills being sought. Nominees for director must be discussed by the full Board of Directors and approved for nomination by the affirmative vote of a majority of our Board of Directors, including the affirmative vote of a majority of the independent directors. Two of our directors, Dr. Smith and Mr. Berman, were originally nominated in 2006 pursuant to certain contractual rights. In addition, the appointments of Mr. Wei and Mr. Shi to our Board were required pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, except that Mr. Shi’s appointment remains subject to all PRC approvals in the connection with the Merger having been obtained.

The Nominating Committee assists the Board of Directors by identifying qualified candidates for director and recommends to the Board of Directors the director nominees for the annual meeting of stockholders. The Board of Directors will conduct a process of making a preliminary assessment of each proposed nominee based upon the resume and biographical information, an indication of the individual’s willingness to serve and other background information. This information is evaluated against the criteria set forth above and our specific needs at that time. Based upon a preliminary assessment of the candidate(s), those who appear best suited to meet our needs may be invited to participate in a series of interviews, which are used as a further means of evaluating potential candidates. On the basis of information learned during this process, the Board of Directors will determine which nominee(s) to include in the slate of candidates that the Board of Directors recommends for election at each annual meeting of our stockholders.

Procedures for Considering Nominations Made by Stockholders

The Nominating Committee’s charter and guidelines describe procedures for nominations to be submitted by stockholders and other third-parties, other than candidates who have previously served on the Board of Directors or who are recommended by the Board of Directors. The guidelines state that a nomination must be delivered to our Secretary at our principal executive offices not later than the 120^th day prior to the date of the proxy statement for the preceding year’s annual meeting; provided, however, that if the date of the annual meeting is more than 30 days after the anniversary date of the annual meeting, notice to be timely must be so delivered a reasonable time in advance of the mailing of our proxy statement for the annual meeting for the current year. The guidelines require a nomination notice to set forth as to each person whom the proponent proposes to nominate for election as a director, among other things: (a) all information relating to such person that is required to be disclosed in solicitations of proxies for election of directors pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (including such person’s written consent to being named in the proxy statement as a nominee and to serving as a director it elected) and (b) information that

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will enable the Nominating Committee to determine whether the candidate or candidates satisfy the criteria established pursuant to the charter and the guidelines for director candidates.

There will be no differences in the manner in which our Board of Directors evaluates nominees recommended by stockholders and nominees recommended by the Board of Directors or management, except that no specific process shall be mandated with respect to the nomination of any individuals who have previously served on the Board of Directors. In connection with the 2009 Annual Meeting, the Board did not receive any nominations from any stockholder or group of stockholders which owned more than 5% of our common stock for at least one year.

Director Attendance at Annual Meetings and Meetings of the Board of Directors

Our Board members are encouraged, but not required by any specific Board policy, to attend our Annual Meeting. All five then-current members of our Board of Directors attended our Annual Meeting held in 2009: Dr. Smith and Messrs. Berman and Weinreb attended in person, and Mr. Myers and Dr. Zuckerman participated via telephone. Our Board of Directors had seven meetings during the year ended December 31, 2008. All of the current members of our Board of Directors who were directors during the year ended December 31, 2008, attended at least 75% of the meetings of our Board of Directors and at least 75% of the meetings of the committees of the Board they served on as members.

Stockholder Communications

Our Board of Directors has established a procedure that enables stockholders to communicate in writing with members of the Board of Directors. Any such communication should be addressed to our Secretary and should be sent to such individual c/o NeoStem, Inc. Any such communication must state, in a conspicuous manner, that it is intended for distribution to the entire Board of Directors. Under the procedures established by the Board of Directors, upon our Secretary’s receipt of such a communication, a copy of such communication will be sent to each member of the Board of Directors, identifying it as a communication received from a stockholder. Absent unusual circumstances, at the next regularly scheduled meeting of the Board of Directors held more than two days after such communication has been distributed, the Board of Directors will consider the substance of any such communication.

Code of Ethics

We have adopted a Code of Ethics that applies to our directors, officers and employees, except our senior financial officers who are subject to a separate code of ethics. Both Codes of Ethics are available on our website, www.neostem.com.

Our Equity Compensation Plans

Our 2003 Equity Participation Plan

Our 2003 Equity Participation Plan authorizes 2,500,000 shares of our common stock for issuance. As of January 15, 2010, there were 1,663,300 shares of our common stock underlying outstanding options with an average exercise price of $2.23 and 51,994 shares remain available for future grant. We have granted options and shares of our common stock under the 2003 Equity Participation Plan. Our 2003 Equity Participation Plan has been approved by our shareholders.

Description of Our 2003 Equity Participation Plan

For a description of our 2003 Equity Participation Plan, or the 2003 Plan, you may refer to Exhibit 10(a) to this Registration Statement, which references Exhibit 10.2 to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 to our Registration Statement on Form S-1, File No. 333-137045, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 3, 2006. Such plan was amended on October 29, 2009, and the Repricing was implemented, following the approval of our stockholders. For a description of the amendment, and the Repricing, refer to footnote (49) of the table in “Outstanding Awards at Fiscal Year-End” above.

Our 2009 Equity Compensation Plan

Our 2009 Equity Compensation Plan authorizes 9,750,000 shares of our common stock for issuance. As of January 15, 2010, there were 6,677,274 shares of our common stock underlying outstanding options with

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an average exercise price of $1.85 and 1,731,476 shares remained available for future grant. We have granted options and shares of our common stock under the 2009 Equity Compensation Plan. Our 2009 Equity Compensation Plan has been approved by our shareholders.

Description of Our 2009 Equity Compensation Plan

For a description of our 2009 Equity Compensation Plan, or the 2009 Plan, you may refer to Exhibit 10(b) to this Registration Statement, which references Annex F to our Joint Proxy Statement/Registration Statement on Form S-4/A (Registration No. 333-160578), filed with the SEC on October 6, 2009 and effective October 7, 2009. On October 29, 2009, the 2009 Plan was amended to increase the number of shares authorized for issuance thereunder to 9,750,000.

Our 2009 Non-U.S. Based Equity Compensation Plan, or the 2009 Non-U.S. Plan

Our 2009 Non-U.S. Plan authorizes 4,700,000 shares of our common stock for issuance. As of January 15, 2010, there were 1,650,000 shares of our common stock underlying outstanding options with an average exercise price of $2.04 and 2,175,000 shares remained available for future grant. We have granted options and shares of our common stock under the 2009 Non-U.S. Plan. Our 2009 Non-U.S. Plan has been approved by our shareholders.

Description of Our 2009 Non-U.S. Plan

For a description of our 2009 Non-U.S. Plan, you may refer to Exhibit 10(b)-1 to this Registration Statement, which references Annex G to our Joint Proxy Statement/Registration Statement on Form S-4/A (Registration No. 333-160578), filed with the SEC on October 6, 2009 and effective October 7, 2009.

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SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT

The following table sets forth information regarding the number of shares of our common stock beneficially owned on January 15, 2010, and as adjusted to reflect the sale of the shares of common stock offered by this prospectus, by:

Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities. Shares of our common stock that may be acquired upon exercise of stock options or warrants which are currently exercisable or which become exercisable within 60 days after the date indicated in the table are deemed beneficially owned by the optionees or warrant holders. Unless otherwise indicated, and subject to any applicable community property laws, the persons or entities named in the table below have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares indicated as beneficially owned by them.

Unless otherwise indicated, the address of the beneficial owner is c/o NeoStem, Inc., 420 Lexington Avenue, Suite 450, New York, NY 10170.

As of January 15, 2010, there were 37,193,491 shares of Common Stock outstanding.

Number and Percentage of Shares of Common Stock Owned*

Name and Address of Beneficial Holder		Number of Shares Beneficially Owned				Percentage of Common Stock Beneficially Owned				Number of Shares Beneficially Owned After the Offering				Percentage of Common Stock Beneficially Owned After the Offering
Dr. Robin L. Smith   Chief Executive Officer and   Chairman of the Board			2,345,105	(1)			6.1	%
Catherine M. Vaczy   Vice President and General Counsel			797,148	(2)			2.1	%
Larry A. May   Vice President and   Chief Financial Officer			302,253	(3)			0.8	%
Alan G. Harris   Vice President of Drug   Development and Regulatory Affairs			56,250	(4)			0.2	%
Richard Berman   Director			240,751	(5)			0.6	%
Steven S. Myers   Director			586,103	(6)			1.6	%
Drew Bernstein   Director			0				0	%
Edward C. Geehr, MD   Director			0				0	%
Eric H.C. Wei   Director			25,669,133	(7)(8)			50.1	%
RimAsia Capital Partners, L.P.			25,544,133	(8)			49.8	%
RimAsia Capital Partners GP, L.P.

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Name and Address of Beneficial Holder		Number of Shares Beneficially Owned				Percentage of Common Stock Beneficially Owned				Number of Shares Beneficially Owned After the Offering				Percentage of Common Stock Beneficially Owned After the Offering
RimAsia Capital Partners GP, Ltd.   1807 Harbour Centre   25 Harbour Road   Wanchai Hong Kong
Madam Zhang Jian,   General Manager, Erye			4,465,770	(9)(11)			11.7	%
Enhance BioMedical Holdings Limited   (“Enhance”)   6555 Bo Yuan Road   Shanghai, 201804   PRC			8,000,000	(10)			19.4	%
Fullbright Finance Limited   (“Fullbright”) Suite 1307, Tongmei Center   43 East Queen’s Road   Wanchai Hong Kong			4,290,770	(11)			11.2	%
All Directors and Officers as a group   (twelve persons)			34,487,513	(12)			62.9	%

The address for each officer and director is c/o NeoStem, Inc., 420 Lexington Avenue, Suite 450, New York, NY 10170.

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CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Pursuant to the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Merger Agreement, all of the shares of common stock, par value $.01 per share, of CBH, or CBH Common Stock, issued and outstanding immediately prior to the effective time of the Merger, or the Effective Time, were converted into the right to receive, in the aggregate, 7,150,000 shares of our Common Stock. Additionally, subject to the cancellation of outstanding warrants to purchase shares of CBH Common Stock held by RimAsia (a beneficial holder of more than 5% of our voting securities), and the sole holder of shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share, of CBH, or the CBH Series B Preferred Stock, all of the shares of CBH Series B Preferred Stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time were converted into the right to receive, in the aggregate, (i) 6,458,009 shares of our common stock (having an approximate value of $12,270,217 as of the Effective Time) and (ii) 8,177,512 shares of our Series C Preferred Stock (having an approximate value of $17,263,600 as of the Effective Time), each with a liquidation preference of $1.125 per share and convertible into 9,086,124 shares of our common stock at an initial exercise price of $0.90.

At the Effective Time, we issued 9,532 shares of our common stock (having an approximate value of $18,110) to Stephen Globus, a director of CBH, and 7,626 shares of our common stock (having an approximate value of $14,489) to Chris Peng Mao, then the Chief Executive Officer of CBH, in exchange for the cancellation and the satisfaction in full of indebtedness in the aggregate principal amount of $90,000, plus any and all accrued but unpaid interest thereon, and other obligations of CBH to Messrs. Globus and Mao. Additionally, we agreed to bear 50% of up to $450,000 of CBH’s expenses post-Merger, and satisfaction of the liabilities of Messrs. Globus and Mao will count toward that obligation.

For assistance in effecting the Merger, 125,000 shares of our common stock (having an approximate value of $237,500) were issued to EET, the holder of a 49% interest in Erye. In addition, an aggregate of 203,338 shares of our common stock (having an approximate value of $386,350) is being issued to Shi Mingsheng (an officer and director of Erye and the majority shareholder of EET and nominated as our director) and Madam Zhang Jian (an officer and director of CBH, an officer of Erye and a significant shareholder of EET).

As a result of the Merger, we own 51% of Erye, and EET owns the remaining 49% ownership interest. In connection with the Merger, we and EET negotiated a revised joint venture agreement which, subject to finalization and approval by the requisite PRC governmental authorities, will govern our respective rights and obligations with respect to Erye. Pursuant to the terms and conditions of the revised joint venture agreement, dividend distributions to EET and NeoStem will be made in proportion to their respective ownership interests in Erye; provided, however, that for the three-year period commencing on the first day of the first fiscal quarter after the joint venture agreement becomes effective, (i) 49% of undistributed profits (after tax) will be distributed to EET and lent back to Erye by EET for use by Erye in connection with the construction of a new plant for Erye; (ii) 45% of the net profit (after tax) will be provided to Erye as part of the new plant construction fund, which will be characterized as paid-in capital for our 51% interest in Erye; and (iii) 6% of the net profit will be distributed to us directly for our operating expenses. In the event of the sale of all of the assets of Erye or liquidation of Erye, we will be entitled to receive the return of such additional paid-in capital before distribution of Eyre’s assets is made based upon the ownership percentages of NeoStem and EET, and upon an initial public offering of Erye which raises at least 50,000,000 RMB (or approximately U.S. $7,300,000), we will be entitled to receive the return of such additional paid-in capital.

In connection with the Merger, the exercise price of certain of our outstanding warrants was reduced. Certain of our executive officers and directors held warrants to purchase our common stock at $8.00 per share, and following the Merger, the exercise price of such warrants was reduced to approximately $6.18 per share. These warrants are held by our Chairman and CEO - Robin L. Smith (25,427), our Vice President and General Counsel - Catherine M. Vaczy (2,000), and our directors - Richard Berman (11,364) and Steven Myers (22,728).

In connection with the Merger, each of the then officers and directors of CBH, and each of RimAsia (then a beneficial holder of more than 5% of our voting securities), Erye and EET, as well as certain holders of CBH Common Stock at the Effective Time, entered into a lock-up and voting agreement, pursuant to which they agreed to vote their shares of CBH Common Stock in favor of the Merger and to the other transactions

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contemplated by the Merger Agreement and agreed not to sell their CBH Common Stock and/or our common stock from November 2, 2008 through the expiration of the six-month period immediately following the consummation of the Merger . Similarly, our officers and directors entered into a lock-up and voting agreement, pursuant to which they agreed to vote their shares of our common stock in favor of the Merger and to the other transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement and agreed not to sell their shares of our common stock during the same period.

Robin L. Smith, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, and Steven Myers, a member of our Board of Directors and Audit, Compensation and Nominating Committees (of which Nominating Committee Mr. Myers became Chairman in March 2009), were holders of CBH Common Stock at the time. Dr. Smith was the beneficial owner of 389,966 shares of CBH Common Stock that were acquired commencing in 2005. Mr. Myers was the beneficial owner of 285,714 shares of CBH Common Stock that were acquired in 2005. Based on the $2.03 closing price of our common stock on September 18, 2009 and the conversion of CBH Common Stock into our Common Stock in the Merger, the approximate transaction value of the holdings in CBH of each of Dr. Smith and Mr. Myers was $152,126 and $111,457, respectively.

In our private placement of units in November 2008, Fullbright (then a beneficial holder of more than 5% of our voting securities), a corporation organized in the British Virgin Islands, and the principal shareholders of which are Madam Zhang Jian, then an officer and director of CBH and an officer of Erye, Shi Mingsheng, then an officer and director of CBH, a director of Erye and Chairman of Fullbright, and Ding Weihua, then a director of CBH, purchased 400,000 units for an aggregate consideration of $500,000. The per unit price was $1.25 and each unit was comprised of one share of our common stock and one redeemable five-year warrant to purchase one share of our common stock at a purchase price of $1.75 per share. In connection with Fullbright’s purchase of the units, EET, the principal shareholders of which are also the principal shareholders of Fullbright, borrowed $500,000 from RimAsia, and the units acquired by Fullbright were pledged to RimAsia as collateral therefor. Further, in our June/July 2009 private placement, Fullbright acquired, for a purchase price of $800,000, 64,000 shares of our Series D Stock, together with warrants to purchase 640,000 shares of our common stock.

On February 25, 2009 and March 6, 2009, respectively, we issued promissory notes, or the Notes, to RimAsia (then a beneficial holder of more than 5% of our voting securities) in the principal amounts of $400,000 and $750,000, respectively. The Notes had an interest rate of 10% per annum and were due and payable on October 31, 2009 or earlier, in the event we raised over $10 million through an equity financing. The Notes contained standard events of default and in the event of a default that is not subsequently cured or waived, the interest rate would have increased to a rate of 15% per annum and, at the option of RimAsia and upon notice, the entire unpaid principal balance together with all accrued interest thereon would have been immediately due and payable. The Notes or any portion thereof could have been prepaid at any time and from time to time at our discretion without premium or penalty.

In April 2009, RimAsia (then a beneficial holder of more than 5% of our voting securities) purchased our Series D Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock and warrants for aggregate consideration of $5,000,000. A portion of the proceeds were used to repay the principal and interest on the Notes issued to RimAsia in February and March 2009 and certain other costs advanced by RimAsia in connection with our expansion activities in China. Mr. Wei, now our director, is managing partner of RimAsia.

On April 23, 2009, we entered into a Consulting Agreement with Shandong Life Science and Technology Research Institute, or SLSI, of which Ms. Cai Jianqian is President. Ms. Cai is the mother of CBH Chief Executive Officer Chris Peng Mao. Ms. Cai also was CBH stockholder at the time we entered into the Consulting Agreement. Pursuant to the Consulting Agreement, Ms. Cai will provide consulting services to us in the area of business development, strategic planning and government affairs in the healthcare industry in the PRC. In return for the consulting services, we have agreed to pay SLSI an annual fee of $100,000 and we issued SLSI 250,000 warrants under our 2009 Non-U.S. Plan, to become exercisable over approximately a two year period. In addition, in connection with expanding our relationship with SLSI in July 2009, we agreed to grant to SLSI an additional 100,000 shares under the 2009 Non-U.S. Plan (having an approximate value of $204,000). Grants under the 2009 Non-U.S. Plan will be subject to, among other things, applicable law including any required registration in the PRC.

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In June 2009, we signed an agreement, or the Network Agreement, with Enhance BioMedical Holdings Limited, or Enhance BioMedical, a Shanghai corporation and beneficial owner of approximately 19.8% of our common stock, to develop a stem cell collection and treatment network using our proprietary stem cell technologies in Shanghai and Taiwan, as well as the Chinese provinces of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Anhui and Jiangxi. Enhance BioMedical is a subsidiary of Enhance Holding Corporation, a multinational conglomerate with successful businesses in various market sectors including healthcare. Enhance BioMedical invested $5 million in our April 2009 private placement. Under the Network Agreement, Enhance BioMedical has the exclusive rights to utilize our proprietary adult stem cell technologies identified by us from time to time to provide adult stem cell services and therapies in the Asian territory. We agreed to provide training Enhance BioMedical staff in the proprietary knowledge, technology and operating procedures to provide Enhance BioMedical clients with these services. In return, we will receive a technical assistance fee. We also will be entitled to a stated royalty on gross revenues generated by Enhance BioMedical from providing the NeoStem stem cell services for the duration of the renewable 10-year Network Agreement and also may receive other fees in connection with assisting in the launching of the network that we estimate will have a value in excess of $120,000.

On July 1, 2009, we, CBH, CBC and RimAsia, which, at the time was a significant stockholder of ours and CBH, entered into a Funding Agreement pursuant to which RimAsia agreed to supply additional funding to both us and CBH in an amount up to $1.6 million. Pursuant to the terms of the Funding Agreement such amount would be deemed settled upon the receipt by RimAsia of certain merger consideration. RimAsia received a total of 6,458,009 shares of our common stock and 8,177,512 shares of our Series C Convertible Preferred Stock, each with a liquidation preference of $1.125 and convertible into shares of our common stock at an initial conversion price of $.90.

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DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES

The following is a summary of the most important terms of our common stock. For a complete description you should refer to our articles of incorporation and bylaws.

Common Stock

We are authorized to issue 500,000,000 shares of our common stock, par value $0.001 per share. As of February 1, 2010, we had 37,194,602 shares of our common stock issued and outstanding.

Holders of our common stock are entitled to one vote per share in the election of directors and on all other matters on which stockholders are entitled or permitted to vote. Holders of our common stock are not entitled to cumulative voting rights. Therefore, holders of a majority of the shares voting for the election of directors can elect all of the directors. Subject to the terms of any outstanding series of preferred stock, the holders of common stock are entitled to dividends in the amounts and at times as may be declared by the Board of Directors out of funds legally available. Upon liquidation or dissolution, holders of our common stock are entitled to share ratably in all net assets available for distribution to stockholders after payment of any liquidation preferences to holders of our preferred stock. Holders of our common stock have no redemption, conversion or preemptive rights.

Market Information

Our common stock is presently traded on the NYSE Amex under the trading symbol NBS.

Transfer Agent

The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company and its address is 17 Battery Place, New York, New York, 10004, and its telephone number is (212) 509-4000.

Holders

As of January 27, 2010, there were 1,464 holders of record of our common stock.

Anti-Takeover Effects of Certain Provisions of Delaware Law and Our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws

Our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and bylaws contain a number of provisions that could make our acquisition by means of a tender or exchange offer, a proxy contest or otherwise more difficult. These provisions are summarized below.

Classified Board of Directors.  Effective as of October 30, 2009 and pursuant to Article ELEVENTH of our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, the directors constituting our Board of Directors are classified, with respect to the time for which they severally hold office, into three classes as nearly equal in number as possible. In implementing the classified Board, our Board of Directors assigned members of the Board of Directors already in office into three classes, with one class assigned a term expiring at the annual meeting of stockholders to be held in 2010, a second class assigned a term expiring at the annual meeting of stockholders to be held in 2011, and a third class assigned a term expiring at the annual meeting of stockholders to be held in 2012, with each class to hold office until its successor is elected and qualified. At each annual meeting of stockholders commencing with the election in 2010, the successors of the class of directors whose term expires at that meeting shall be elected to hold office for a term expiring at the annual meeting of stockholders held in the third year following the year of their election. Pursuant to the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, if a board of directors is classified, unless the certificate of incorporation otherwise provides, members of the board of directors may be removed by the stockholders before the expiration of their respective terms only for cause.

Our classified Board of Directors may have an anti-takeover effect of making more difficult and discouraging a takeover attempt, merger, tender offer, or proxy fight. Additionally, our classified Board of Directors extends the time it would take for holders of a majority of our shares to remove incumbent management to obtain control of the Board of Directors. That is, as a general matter a majority stockholder could not obtain control of the board of Directors until the second annual stockholder’s meeting after it acquired a majority of the voting stock. Our classified Board of Directors may have the effect of making it more difficult for stockholders to remove our existing management.

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Removal of Directors.  Our bylaws provide that any one or more or all of our directors may be removed with cause only by the holders of at least a majority of the shares then entitled to vote at an election of our directors. No director may be removed by the stockholders without cause prior to the expiration of his or her term. Pursuant to the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, if a board of directors is classified (as is our Board of Directors), unless the certificate of incorporation otherwise provides, members of the board of directors may be removed by the stockholders before the expiration of their respective terms only for cause.

Special Meetings.  Our Bylaws provide that special meetings of our stockholders may, unless otherwise prescribed by law, be called by our Chairman of the Board (if any), our Board of Directors or our Chief Executive Officer and shall be held at such place, on such date and at such time as shall be fixed by our Board of Directors or the person calling the meeting. Business transacted at any special meeting shall be limited to matters relating to the purpose or purposes stated in the notice of the meeting.

Undesignated Preferred Stock.  The ability to authorize undesignated preferred stock makes it possible for our Board of Directors to issue preferred stock with voting or other rights or preferences that could impede the success of any attempt to acquire us. The ability to issue preferred stock may have the effect of deferring hostile takeovers or delaying changes in control or management of our company.

Delaware Anti-Takeover Statute.  The provisions of Delaware law, our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and bylaws could have the effect of discouraging others from attempting hostile takeovers and, as a consequence, they may also inhibit temporary fluctuations in the market price of our common stock that often result from actual or rumored hostile takeover attempts. These provisions may also have the effect of preventing changes in our management. It is possible that these provisions could make it more difficult to accomplish transactions that stockholders may otherwise deem to be in their best interests.

We are subject to the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law regulating corporate takeovers. In general, Section 203 prohibits a publicly held Delaware corporation from engaging in a business combination with an interested stockholder for a period of three years following the date the person became an interested stockholder unless:

Generally, a business combination includes a merger, asset or stock sale, or other transaction resulting in a financial benefit to the interested stockholder. An interested stockholder is a person who, together with affiliates and associates, owns or, within three years prior to the determination of interested stockholder status, owned 15% or more of a corporation’s outstanding voting securities. We expect the existence of this provision to have an anti-takeover effect with respect to transactions our Board of Directors does not approve in advance. We also anticipate that Section 203 may also discourage attempted acquisitions that might result in a premium over the market price for the shares of our common stock held by stockholders.

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Limitations of Director Liability and Indemnification of Directors, Officers and Employees

Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, as amended, or the DGCL, permits indemnification of directors, officers, agents and controlling persons of a corporation under certain conditions and subject to certain limitations. Section 145 empowers a corporation to indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, by reason of the fact that he or she is or was a director, officer or agent of the corporation or another enterprise if serving at the request of the corporation. Depending on the character of the proceeding, a corporation may indemnify against expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred in connection with such action, suit or proceeding if the person indemnified acted in good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to, the best interests of the corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful. In the case of an action by or in the right of the corporation, no indemnification may be made with respect to any claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be liable to the corporation unless and only to the extent that the Court of Chancery or the court in which such action or suit was brought shall determine that despite the adjudication of liability such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses which the court shall deem proper. Section 145 further provides that to the extent a present or former director or officer of a corporation has been successful in the defense of any action, suit or proceeding referred to above or in the defense of any claim, issue or matter therein, such person shall be indemnified against expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection therewith.

CERTAIN INCOME TAX BENEFITS

We have received Qualified Emerging Technology Company, or QETC, certification from the State of New York for 2010. This QETC certification allows investors in our common stock, who reside in the State of New York, a New York State income tax credit in an amount up to 20% of their investment (depending upon the holding period for such investment and other factors).

YOU ARE ADVISED TO CONSULT YOUR OWN TAX ADVISOR REGARDING THE SPECIFIC STATE AND FEDERAL TAX CONSEQUENCES TO YOU OF ACQUIRING, HOLDING OR SELLING OUR COMMON STOCK OR OTHER SECURITIES.

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UNDERWRITING

We have entered into an underwriting agreement with Roth Capital Partners, LLC, acting as the representative of the underwriters, Maxim Group LLC and Gilford Securities, Inc., with respect to the shares subject to this offering. Subject to certain conditions, we have agreed to sell to the underwriters, and the underwriters have agreed to purchase from us 5,000,000 shares of our common stock.

Underwriters		Number of Shares
Roth Capital Partners, LLC
Maxim Group LLC
Gilford Securities, Inc.

The underwriting agreement provides that the obligation of the underwriters to purchase the shares offered hereby is subject to certain conditions and that the underwriters are obligated to purchase all of the shares of common stock offered hereby if any of the shares are purchased.

If the underwriters sell more shares than the above number, the underwriters have an option for 30 days to buy up to an additional 750,000 shares from us at the public offering price less the underwriting commissions and discounts to cover these sales.

The underwriters propose to offer to the public the shares of our common stock purchased pursuant to the underwriting agreement at the public offering price on the cover page of this prospectus. In addition, the underwriters may offer some of the shares to other securities dealers at such price less a concession of $    per share. The underwriters may also allow, and such dealers may reallow, a concession not in excess of $    per share to other dealers. After the shares are released for sale to the public, the underwriters may change the offering price and other selling terms at various times.

The following table summarizes the compensation and estimated expenses we will pay:

		Per Share								Total
		Without Over-allotment				With Over-allotment				Without Over-allotment				With Over-allotment
Expenses payable by us		$	0.11			$	0.11			$	650,000			$	650,000
Underwriting discounts and commissions paid by us			0.13				0.11				574,000				660,000

We have also agreed to reimburse the underwriters for certain pre-approved, out-of-pocket expenses incurred by them, including, but not limited to, attorneys’ fees and expenses, up to an aggregate of $200,000 with respect to this offering, which amount is included in “Expenses payable by us” above.

We have agreed not to offer, sell, contract to sell or otherwise issue any shares of common stock or securities exchangeable or convertible into common stock, without the prior written consent of Roth Capital Partners, LLC, for a period of 90 days, subject to an 18 day extension under certain circumstances, following the date of this prospectus, subject to certain exceptions. Our directors, executive and other officers and other stockholders have entered into lock-up agreements with the underwriters. Under those lock-up agreements, subject to exceptions, those holders of such stock may not, directly or indirectly, offer, sell, contract to sell, pledge or otherwise dispose of or hedge any common stock or securities convertible into or exchangeable for shares of common stock, or publicly announce to do any of the foregoing, without the prior written consent of Roth Capital Partners, LLC, for a period of 180 days, subject to an 18 day extension under certain circumstances, from the date of this prospectus. This consent may be given at any time without public notice.

Pursuant to the underwriting agreement, we have agreed to indemnify the underwriters against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or to contribute to payments which the underwriters or such other indemnified parties may be required to make in respect of any such liabilities.

In connection with the offering the underwriters may engage in stabilizing transactions, over-allotment transactions, syndicate covering transactions and penalty bids in accordance with applicable regulations, as follows:

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These stabilizing transactions, syndicate covering transactions and penalty bids may have the effect of raising or maintaining the market price of our common stock or preventing or retarding a decline in the market price of the common stock. As a result the price of our common stock may be higher than the price that might otherwise exist in the open market. These transactions may be discontinued at any time.

Neither the underwriters nor their affiliates provided any investment banking, commercial banking or other financial services for us prior to their engagement as our underwriters in connection with this offering. None of the underwriters has any material relationship with us or any of our officers, directors or controlling persons, except with respect to the contractual relationship of the underwriters with us entered into in connection with this offering.

The underwriter and its affiliates may in the future provide various investment banking, commercial banking and other financial services for us, for which services they may receive customary fees.

This prospectus may be made available in electronic format may be made available on the Internet sites or through other online services maintained by the underwriters, or by their affiliates. In those cases, prospective investors may view offering terms online and may be allowed to place orders online.

Our common stock is traded on the NYSE Amex under the symbol “NBS.”

Other than the prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus in electronic format, the information the underwriters’ websites are not part of the prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus or the registration statement of which this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus forms a part, has not been approved and/or endorsed by us or the underwriters and should not be relied upon by investors.

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EXPERTS

The audited consolidated financial statements of NeoStem as of December 31, 2008 and for each of the three years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2008 included in this prospectus have been audited by Holtz Rubenstein Reminick LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, for the period and to the extent set forth in their report appearing herein and elsewhere in this prospectus. The audited financial statements of CBH as of December 31, 2008 and for each of the two years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2008 included in this prospectus have been audited by Frazer Frost, LLP (successor entity of Moore Stephens Wurth Frazer and Torbet, LLP), certified public accountants and consultants, for the period and to the extent set forth in their report appearing herein and elsewhere in this prospectus. Such financial statements have been so included in reliance upon the firms’ authority as experts in auditing and accounting.

LEGAL MATTERS

The validity of our securities to be issued in connection with this prospectus will be passed upon for us by Sichenzia Ross Friedman Ference LLP, New York, NY. DLA Piper LLP (US) is counsel for Roth Capital Partners, LLC, one of the underwriters.

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DISCLOSURE OF COMMISSION POSITION ON
INDEMNIFICATION FOR SECURITIES ACT LIABILITIES

Our Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, provides that no current or former director of ours shall be personally liable to us or our stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director, except to the extent such exemption from liability or limitation thereof is not permitted under the DGCL as the same exists or may hereafter be amended.

We have entered into indemnification agreements with our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, General Counsel, certain other employees and each of our directors pursuant to which we have agreed to indemnify such party to the full extent permitted by law, subject to certain exceptions, if such party becomes subject to an action because such party is our director, officer, employee, agent or fiduciary.

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 (Securities Act) may be permitted to our directors, officers and controlling persons pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, we have been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by us is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

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WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

We are subject to informational filing requirements of the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and its rules and regulations. This means that we will file reports and other information with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. You can inspect and copy this information at the Public Reference Facility maintained by the SEC at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. You can receive additional information about the operation of the SEC’s Public Reference Facilities by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC maintains a Web site that will contain the reports and other information that we file electronically with the Commission and the address of that website is http://www.sec.gov. Our SEC filings are also available to the public from commercial document retrieval services. Information contained on our website should not be considered part of this prospectus.

You may also request a copy of our filings at no cost by writing or telephoning us at:

NeoStem, Inc.
420 Lexington Avenue, Suite 450
New York, New York 10170
Attention: Catherine M. Vaczy, Esq.
Vice President and General Counsel
(212) 584-4180

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INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

		Page
NEOSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Unaudited Proforma Condensed Combined Financial Statements			F-2
Footnotes to Unaudited Proforma Condensed Combined Financial Statements			F-5
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm –  Holtz Rubenstein Reminick LLP			F-10
Financial Statements:
Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2008 and 2007			F-11
Consolidated Statements of Operations
Years Ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006			F-12
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity/ (Deficit)
Years Ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006			F-13 – F-14
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Years Ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006			F-15 – F-16
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements			F-17 – F-59
Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 30, 2009 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2008			F-60
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three Months and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2009 and 2008 (Unaudited)			F-61
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2009 and 2008 (Unaudited)			F-62
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements			F-63
CHINA BIOPHARMACEUTICALS HOLDINGS, INC
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm			F-96
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2008 and 2007			F-97
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2008 and 2007			F-98
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity			F-99
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2008 and 2007			F-100
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2008			F-101
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2009 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2008			F-126
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2009 and 2008 (Unaudited)			F-127
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity			F-128
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2009 and 2008 (Unaudited)			F-129
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – September 30, 2009 (Unaudited)			F-130

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NEOSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
  
UNAUDITED PROFORMA CONDENSED COMBINED BALANCE SHEETS

		Historical As of September 30, 2009								Proforma Adjustments				Acquisition of CBH and Issuance of Common Stock				Eliminations				Proforma
		NeoStem				CBH
ASSETS
Current assets
Cash		$	5,848.8			$	2,847.2			$	—			$	—			$	—			$	8,696.0
Short term investments			—				15.3				—				—				—				15.3
Restricted cash			180.3				3,935.4				—				—				—				4,115.7
Accounts receivable			163.7				3,155.8				—				—				—				3,319.5
Receivables – related parties			—				331.5				550.0	(e)			(360.6	)(a)			—				520.9
Other receivables			—				3,298.3				—												3,298.3
Inventories			—				11,868.5				—				—				—				11,868.5
Prepaids and other current assets			196.3				—				366.5	(f)			—				—				562.8
Total current assets			6,389.1				25,452.0				916.5				(360.6	)			—				32,397.0
Plant, property & equipment – net			721.4				4,254.8				(1,169.6	)(f)			—				—				3,806.6
Construction in progress			—				14,309.4				—				—				—				14,309.4
Goodwill and other intangible assets not yet determined			558.2				—				—				29,293.1	(a)			—				29,851.3
Investment in subsidiaries			—				—				—				(583.9	)(a)			583.9				—
Intangible asset			607.4				7,451.9				(5,454.4	)(f)			—				—				2,604.9
Other assets			326.7				1,352.2				425.1	(f)			—				—				2,104.0
		$	8,602.8			$	52,820.3			$	(5,282.4	)		$	28,348.6			$	583.9			$	85,073.2
LIABILITIES & STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities
Accounts payable		$	342.0			$	6,355.6			$	—			$	—			$	—			$	6,697.6
Accrued liabilities			1,336.0				2,620.3				519.0	(e)			(1,960.4	)(a)			—				2,514.9
											32.6	(a)			(32.6	)(a)			—				—
Unearned revenue			199.0				—				—				—				—				199.0
Notes payable			146.6				10,080.6				—				—				—				10,227.2
Dividend payable			656.0				1,110.3				(655.9	)(h)			(1,110.4	)(a)							—
Other liabilities			—				996.4				—				—				—				996.4
Amounts due from related parties			—				239.8				—				—				—				239.8
Total current liabilities			2,679.6				21,403.0				(104.3	)			(3,103.4	)			—				20,874.9
Long term debt
Warrant related obligation							1,429.7								(1,429.7	)(d)							—
Loan payable to related party			—				7,702.8				—				—				—				7,702.8
Total long term liabilities			—				9,132.5				—				(1,429.7	)			—				7,702.8
Total liabilities			2,679.6				30,535.5				(104.3	)			(4,533.1	)			—				28,577.7
Redeemable preferred stock			7,737.4				12,508.5				(7,737.4	)(h)			(12,508.5	)(a)			—				17,263.6
											—				8177.4	(a)			—
															9,086.2	(a)
Total redeemable preferred stock			7,737.4				12,508.5				(7,737.4	)			4,755.1				—				17,263.6
Shareholders and non-controlling equity
Series B preferred			0.1				—				—				—				—				0.1
Common stock			8.6				372.1				12.9	(h)			14.0	(a)			(372.1	)			35.5
Additional paid in capital			52,612.7				10,661.6				7,724.5	(h)			35,769.3	(a)			(10,661.5	)			96,106.6
Statutory reserves			—				1,398.7				—				—				(1,398.7	)			—
Retained earnings			(54,428.0	)			(11,034.2	)			(40.9	)(e)			1,429.5	(d)			13,586.1				(62,932.0	)
											(478.1	)(e)			(9,086.2	)(a)
											(4,053.5	)(f)
											(32.6	)(a)
											655.9	(h)
											550.0	(e)
Comprehensive income			(7.6	)			569.9				—				—				(569.9	)			(7.6	)
Total shareholders' equity			(1,814.2	)			1,968.1				4,338.2				28,126.6				583.9				33,202.6
Noncontrolling equity			—				7,808.2				(1,778.9	)(f)			—				—				6,029.3
Total equity			(1,814.2	)			9,776.3				2,559.3				28,126.6				583.9				39,231.9
		$	8,602.8			$	52,820.3			$	(5,282.4	)		$	28,348.6			$	583.9			$	85,073.2